《鵩鸟赋》翻译及注释
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两汉：贾谊
谊为长沙王傅三年，有鵩飞入谊舍。鵩似鸮，不祥鸟也。谊即以谪居长沙，长沙卑湿，谊自伤悼，以为寿不得长，乃为赋以自广也。其辞曰：
译文： 贾谊在长沙做了三年太傅，有只鵩鸟飞进他的住所。鵩鸟长得很像猫头鹰，是不祥的鸟。贾谊因为被贬到长沙，长沙气候很潮湿，此时看到猫头鹰，认为自己寿命已不长了，于是写了一篇赋来自我安慰。赋文说：
单阏之岁兮，四月孟夏，庚子日斜兮，鵩集予舍。止于坐隅兮，貌甚闲暇。异物来萃兮，私怪其故。发书占之兮，谶言其度，曰：“野鸟入室兮，主人将去。”请问于鵩兮：“予去何之？吉乎告我，凶言其灾。淹速之度兮，语予其期。”鵩乃叹息，举首奋翼；口不能言，请对以臆：
译文： 汉文帝六年，丁丑年，四月孟夏时节。四月里的一天太阳西斜时，有一支鵩鸟停在我的屋子上。它停在座位的一角，形态非常从容不惊。有怪物停栖于此，我心中暗中怀疑它飞来的缘故。打开书本占卜它，预示说到它吉凶的定数：“有野鸟进入我的房屋，主人即将离去。”我请求向鵩鸟发问：“我将要到哪里去呢？如果有吉事，你就告诉我，即使有凶事，也请你把什么灾祸说明。死生迟速的吉凶定数啊，请告诉我它的期限吧。”鵩鸟就叹息着，昂起头张开翅膀，口却不能说话，而请用胸中所想的来对答：
注释： 单（chán）阏（è）：卯年的别称。这是古代太岁纪年法。谶（chèn）：预示吉凶的话。淹速：指寿命的长短。
“万物变化兮，固无休息。斡流而迁兮，或推而还。形气转续兮，变化而蟺。沕穆无穷兮，胡可胜言！祸兮福所依，福兮祸所伏；忧喜聚门兮，吉凶同域。彼吴强大兮，夫差以败；越栖会稽兮，勾践霸世。斯游遂成兮，卒被五刑；傅说胥靡兮，乃相武丁。夫祸之与福兮，何异纠纆；命不可说兮，孰知其极！水激则旱兮，矢激则远；万物回薄兮，振荡相转。云蒸雨降兮，纠错相纷；大钧播物兮，坱圠无垠。天不可预虑兮，道不可预谋；迟速有命兮，焉识其时。
译文： “时间万物的变化，本来就没有停止。运转迁移，或推移回还，万物变化运转，反复无定。形与气互相移转连续变迁蜕化，精微深远，没有穷尽。福是祸的诱因，祸是福的根源。忧与喜聚集在一门之中，吉与凶同在一个区域。吴国很强大，夫差却失败了，越国栖息于会稽山，但勾践却称霸于世。李斯游于秦国，身登相位，达到成功，最终却身受五刑而死。傅说在傅岩操服劳役，殷高宗武丁以为他是贤人，用他为相。福祸相互依附纠缠，如同绳索绞合在一起，天命不可解说，谁知道他的究竟？水流矢飞，为外物所激，则或悍或远，发生变化，万物往返相激，震荡转化，人事也有时因祸而至于福，互相影响，反复无常。云因势而上升为雨，雨因冷而下降为云，事物的变化复杂纷纭。自然界造化推动万物，使之运行变化是无边无际的。天和道，其理深远，不可预为思虑谋度，死生迟速有命，哪能预知它的期限！
注释： 斡（wò）流：运转。沕（wù）穆：精微深远貌。纠纆（mò）：二、三股捻成的绳子。这里比喻祸福纠缠在一起。
且夫天地为炉兮，造化为工；阴阳为炭兮，万物为铜。合散消息兮，安有常则？千变万化兮，未始有极，忽然为人兮，何足控抟；化为异物兮，又何足患！小智自私兮，贱彼贵我；达人大观兮，物无不可。贪夫殉财兮，烈士殉名。夸者死权兮，品庶每生。怵迫之徒兮，或趋西东；大人不曲兮，意变齐同。愚士系俗兮，窘若囚拘；至人遗物兮，独与道俱。众人惑惑兮，好恶积亿；真人恬漠兮，独与道息。释智遗形兮，超然自丧；寥廓忽荒兮，与道翱翔。乘流则逝兮，得坻则止；纵躯委命兮，不私与己。其生兮若浮，其死兮若休；澹乎若深渊止之静，泛乎若不系之舟。不以生故自宝兮，养空而浮；德人无累兮，知命不忧。细故蒂芥兮，何足以疑！”
译文： 天地像一个冶金之匠炉，造化像一个冶金之匠，阴阳所以铸化为物故喻为炭，物由阴阳铸化而成故喻为铜。聚散灭生怎么会有一定的法则？千变万化未必有终极。偶然为人，哪里值得贪恋珍惜，而死亡又有什么值得忧患的呢？智慧浅小的人，只顾自身，以他物为贱，以自己为贵。在达人看来，自己和万物可以相互适应，故没有一物不合适。贪婪的人为财而死，刚烈之士为名誉而死。贪求虚名的人，死于权势，一般人贪求生命。为权力所诱为贫贱所迫的人，东奔西走，趋利避害；与天地合其德的伟人不为物欲所趋，对亿万变化的事物都等量齐观，一视同仁。愚笨的人为俗界所牵连，困窘得如罪人之受拘束；有至德的人遗弃物累，独和大道同行。众人惑乱之甚，所爱所憎，积聚甚多；得天地之道的人安然宁静，独和大道相处。放弃智虑，遗弃形体，超脱于万物之外自忘其身，深远空阔，与道浮游。人生如木浮水，行止随流；把自己的身躯完全托付给命运，任凭自然，不私爱身躯把它归于自己作为私物，活着仿佛随波逐流，死去好像休憩长眠。深邃得好像深渊潭水般幽然，漂浮得好像没有羁绊的小舟般自在，涵养空虚之性而浮游，德人不被万物牵累，知天命而不忧愁。因此像鵩鸟飞入舍内这种琐细小事，又有什么值得疑虑的啊！”
注释： 合散：指生死。异物：指死亡。夸者：指贪求虚名的人。怵迫：怵指为利益所诱，迫指为贫贱所迫。至人：指至德之人。真人：指得道之人。
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李颀《
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古塞下曲》
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苏轼《
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前赤壁赋》
贾谊简介
唐代·贾谊的简介
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贾谊（前200～前168），汉族，洛阳（今河南省洛阳市东）人，字太傅。西汉初年著名的政论家、文学家。18岁即有才名，年轻时由河南郡守吴公推荐，20余岁被文帝召为博士。不到一年被破格提为太中大夫。但是在23岁时，因遭群臣忌恨，被贬为长沙王的太傅。后被召回长安，为梁怀王太傅。梁怀王坠马而死后，贾谊深自歉疚，直至33岁忧伤而死。其著作主要有散文和辞赋两类。散文如《过秦论》、《论积贮疏》、《陈政事疏》等都很有名；辞赋以《吊屈原赋》、《鵩鸟赋》最著名。