《庖丁解牛》翻译及注释
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先秦：庄周
吾生也有涯，而知也无涯。以有涯随无涯，殆已！已而为知者，殆而已矣！为善无近名，为恶无近刑。缘督以为经，可以保身，可以全生，可以养亲，可以尽年。
译文： 我的生命是有限的，而知识是无限的。以有限的生命去追求无限的知识，真是危险啊！已经有了危险，还要执著地去追求知识，那么除了危险以外就什么都已经没有了。做好事不要求名，做坏事不要受刑罚，以遵循虚无的自然之道为宗旨，便可以保护生命，可以保全天性，可以养护新生之机，可以享尽天年。
庖丁为文惠君解牛，手之所触，肩之所倚，足之所履，膝之所踦，砉然向然，奏刀騞然，莫不中音。合于《桑林》之舞，乃中《经首》之会。
译文： 庖丁给梁惠王宰牛。手接触的地方，肩膀倚靠的地方，脚踩的地方，膝盖顶的地方，哗哗作响，进刀时豁豁地，没有不合音律的：合乎（汤时）《桑林》舞乐的节拍，又合乎（尧时）《经首》乐曲的节奏。 庖（páo）丁：名丁的厨工。先秦古书往往以职业放在人名前。文惠君：即梁惠王，也称魏惠王。解牛：宰牛，这里指把整个牛体开剥分剖。踦（yǐ）：支撑，接触。这里指用一条腿的膝盖顶牛。砉（huā）然：砉，又读xū，象声词。砉然，皮骨相离的声音。向，通”响“。騞（huō）然：象声词，形容比砉然更大的进刀解牛声。桑林：传说中商汤时的乐曲名。经首：传说中尧乐曲《咸池》中的一章。会：指节奏。以上两句互文，即“乃合于桑林、经首之舞之会”之意。
注释： 庖丁给梁惠王宰牛。手接触的地方，肩膀倚靠的地方，脚踩的地方，膝盖顶的地方，哗哗作响，进刀时豁豁地，没有不合音律的：合乎（汤时）《桑林》舞乐的节拍，又合乎（尧时）《经首》乐曲的节奏。
文惠君曰：“嘻，善哉！技盖至此乎？”
译文： 梁惠王说：“嘻，好啊！（你解牛的）技术怎么竟会高超到这种程度啊？”
注释： 嘻：赞叹声。盖：通“盍（hé）”，何，怎样。
庖丁释刀对曰：“臣之所好者，道也，进乎技矣。始臣之解牛之时，所见无非牛者。三年之后，未尝见全牛也。方今之时，臣以神遇而不以目视，官知止而神欲行。依乎天理，批大郤，导大窾，因其固然，技经肯綮之未尝，而况大軱乎！良庖岁更刀，割也；族庖月更刀，折也。今臣之刀十九年矣，所解数千牛矣，而刀刃若新发于硎。彼节者有间，而刀刃者无厚；以无厚入有间，恢恢乎其于游刃必有余地矣，是以十九年而刀刃若新发于硎。虽然，每至于族，吾见其难为，怵然为戒，视为止，行为迟。动刀甚微，謋然已解，如土委地。提刀而立，为之四顾，为之踌躇满志，善刀而藏之。”
译文： 庖丁放下刀回答说：“我追求的，是道（本为虚词，无特定之意，可解成自然的规律），已经超过一般的技术了。起初我宰牛的时候，眼里看到的是一只完整的牛；三年以后，再未见过完整的牛了（意思是：只看见一个虚线的牛，就是只看见怎么样去解）。现在，我凭精神和牛接触，而不用眼睛去看，感官停止了而精神在活动。依照牛的生理上的天然结构，砍入牛体筋骨相接的缝隙，顺着骨节间的空处进刀，依照牛体本来的构造，筋脉经络相连的地方和筋骨结合的地方，尚且不曾拿刀碰到过，更何况大骨呢！技术好的厨师每年更换一把刀，是用刀割断筋肉割坏的（就像我们用刀割绳子一样）；技术一般的厨师每月就得更换一把刀，是砍断骨头而将刀砍坏的（因为不知道怎么砍，所以砍到骨头的时候就容易坏）。如今，我的刀用了十九年，所宰的牛有几千头了，但刀刃锋利得就像刚在磨刀石上磨好的一样。那牛的骨节有间隙，而刀刃很薄；用很薄的刀刃插入有空隙的骨节，宽宽绰绰地，那么刀刃的运转必然是有余地的啊！因此，十九年来，刀刃还像刚从磨刀石上磨出来的一样。虽然是这样，每当碰到筋骨交错聚结的地方，我看到那里很难下刀，就小心翼翼地提高警惕，视力集中到一点，动作缓慢下来，动起刀来非常轻，豁啦一声，牛的骨和肉一下子就解开了，就像泥土散落在地上一样。我提着刀站立起来，为此举目四望，为此悠然自得，心满意足，然后把刀擦抹干净，收藏起来。”
注释： 进：超过。官知：这里指视觉。神欲：指精神活动。天理：指牛的生理上的天然结构。批大郤：击入大的缝隙。批：击。郤：空隙。导大窾（kuǎn）：顺着（骨节间的）空处进刀。因：依。固然：指牛体本来的结构。技经：犹言经络。技，据清俞樾考证，当是“枝”字之误，指支脉。经，经脉。肯：紧附在骨上的肉。綮（qìng）：筋肉聚结处。技经肯綮之未尝，即“未尝技经肯綮”的宾语前置。軱（gū）：股部的大骨。割：这里指生割硬砍。族：众，指一般的。折：用刀折骨。发：出。硎（xíng）：磨刀石。节：骨节。间：间隙。恢恢乎：宽绰的样子。族：指筋骨交错聚结处。怵（chù）然：警惧的样子。謋（huò）：象声词。骨肉离开的声音。委地：散落在地上。
文惠君曰：“善哉！吾闻庖丁之言，得养生焉。”
译文： 梁惠王说：“好啊！我听了庖丁的这番话，懂得了养生的道理了。”
注释： 善：通”缮“，修治。这里是拭擦的意思。养生：指养生之道。
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佚名《
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宰予昼寝》
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褚人获《
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钱若赓断鹅》
庄周简介
唐代·庄周的简介
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庄子（公元前369－公元前286年），名周，汉族，宋国蒙（今河南省商丘市东北梁园区蒙墙寺村）人，战国时期的思想家、哲学家、文学家，道家学说的主要创始人之一。庄子祖上系出楚国公族，后因吴起变法楚国发生内乱，先人避夷宗之罪迁至宋国蒙地。庄子生平只做过地方漆园吏，因崇尚自由而不应同宗楚威王之聘。老子思想的继承和发展者。后世将他与老子并称为“老庄”。他们的哲学思想体系，被思想学术界尊为“老庄哲学”。代表作品为《庄子》以及名篇有《逍遥游》、《齐物论》等。