黄河
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唐代]：罗隐
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莫把阿胶向此倾，此中天意固难明。
解通银汉应须曲，才出昆仑便不清。
高祖誓功衣带小，仙人占斗客槎轻。
三千年后知谁在？何必劳君报太平！
黄河译文及注释
译文
不要把阿胶向黄河里倾倒，这里上天的意思难以明了。
黄河能曲曲弯弯上通银河，刚从昆仑发源便不再清澈。
高祖平定天下时宣誓好听，严君平占卜张骞乘槎上天。
三千年后黄河才澄清一次，你又何必着急报告好消息。
注释
莫把阿胶向此倾：语出庾信《哀江南赋》。阿胶，药名，据说将其投入浊水，可使浊水变清。
解（jiě）：能。
通银汉：古人说黄河的上游叫通天河，与天上的银河相通连。银汉，银河。
应须曲：双关语，既是说黄河的曲曲弯弯上通天河，也是说人们只有逢迎拍马不走正道，才能混进朝廷，谋取高位。汉代民谣有“直如弦，死道边；曲如钩，反封侯”，即是此意。
出昆仑：先秦人以为黄河发源于昆仑山，至张骞上考河源才知不是。这里仍是姑妄言之。
高祖誓功衣带小：典出《史记·高祖功臣侯者年表序》，汉高祖平定天下，分封群臣时誓曰：“使河如带，泰山若厉。国以永宁，爰及苗裔。”意思是无论今后出现什么事情，你们的领地也将世世代代传下去。与汉乐府中的所谓“冬雷震震，夏雨雪，天地合，乃敢与君绝”意思相同。
仙人占斗：意指权贵把持朝政。占斗，指严君平观测星象。
客槎（chá）：指张骞乘槎上天。槎，木筏。
三千年：旧说黄河五百年清一次，河清是圣人出现、天下太平的征兆。
参考资料：
1、韩兆琦编著．唐诗选注集评．北京：商务印书馆，2003：625-626
2、杨旭辉主编；苏州大学《唐诗鉴赏大辞典》编写组编．唐诗鉴赏大辞典：彩色版．北京：中华书局，2011：1363-1364
黄河创作背景
罗隐出生于一个没落的中小地主家庭，在讲求出身门第、奥援引托、贿赂趋奉的科举制度下，他摆脱不了“十试不第”的命运，故而其诗歌颇多感时伤事、讽刺怒张之作，《黄河》即为其抒泄心中愤懑不平之气的杰作。
参考资料：
1、杨旭辉主编；苏州大学《唐诗鉴赏大辞典》编写组编．唐诗鉴赏大辞典：彩色版．北京：中华书局，2011：1363-1364
黄河鉴赏
罗隐的这首《黄河》，表面上借用黄河的特点和典故来对其施以赋咏之辞，实则为借事寓意，对唐末昏暗的社会现实作了真实写照，尤其是大力抨击和讽刺了唐代腐败的科举制度，令士心为之一振。
首联“莫把阿胶向此倾”借意于庾信《哀江南赋》：“阿胶不能止黄河之浊。”其意云，即使用再多阿胶也无法将黄河之浑浊澄清，纯为徒劳无功之举，以此为喻，暗示当时科举取士之虚伪；“此中天意固难明”，当时奸邪当道，以曲求通之事举不胜举，谁能真正明了天意。将讽喻之矛头直指最高统治者，言论大胆而尖锐。
颔联“解通银汉应须曲，才出昆仑便不清”，以具体描述黄河之“曲”与“浊”来进一步描画科场黑暗之现实状况。黄河自古即有“九曲”之说，郦道元《水经注》曰：“黄河百里一小曲，千里一曲一直矣”，刘禹锡《浪淘沙》词有“九曲黄河万里沙”，宋郭茂倩《乐府诗集》卷九一高适《九曲词》解题：“《河图》曰：‘河水九曲。’”这里以黄河之“曲”通“银汉”为题，一语双关，所谓“曲”，表面上指黄河河道的蜿蜒曲折，实际上指科举考试中各种见不得人的不正当手段与途径，而“银汉”在古代诗词中常指人主或朝廷，这样看来，一般士人渴望投身仕途之途可谓难于登天，官场科举之腐朽不堪于此更可见一斑。后句中的“昆仑”是古人误解的黄河发源之地，“才出昆仑便不清”，从源头上就是“浊”，此中寓意显而易见，是对最高统治者的批判，也是对不公正社会的鞭笞。
颈联“高祖誓功衣带小，仙人占斗客槎轻”，其间包含了两个典故，从具体层面上揭示了封建政治的腐朽。前者是汉高祖平定天下、分封群臣时的誓词，意为保王公贵族之爵位永存；后者是张骞寻黄河源头遇仙之事。两句合意，可知一般的寒门士子想要出将入相是比登天还难的。此句从另一个侧面再次抨击了社会的不公，怀才不遇之感也暗含其中。加上尾联的“三千年后知谁在，何必劳君报太平”一声无奈的感叹，愤意难平，是对上天的控诉，是对统治者的不满，是对整个社会的失望。
这首诗切定黄河，而又别有所指，寓言写物，巧妙贴切，新警深刻，构思独特。诗人对于晚唐混乱黑暗的现实作了痛快淋漓的揭露和鞭笞，在此类诗作中很具有代表性。
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宋琬《
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渡黄河》
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李白《
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公无渡河》
罗隐简介
唐代·罗隐的简介
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罗隐（833-909），字昭谏，新城（今浙江富阳市新登镇）人，唐代诗人。生于公元833年（太和七年），大中十三年（公元859年）底至京师，应进士试，历七年不第。咸通八年（公元867年）乃自编其文为《谗书》，益为统治阶级所憎恶，所以罗衮赠诗说：“谗书虽胜一名休”。后来又断断续续考了几年，总共考了十多次，自称“十二三年就试期”，最终还是铩羽而归，史称“十上不第”。黄巢起义后，避乱隐居九华山，光启三年（公元887年），55岁时归乡依吴越王钱镠，历任钱塘令、司勋郎中、给事中等职。公元909年（五代后梁开平三年）去世，享年77岁。
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郑善夫
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西崦山前逢首夏，与君一笑共扁舟。已无梅花烂刺眼，赖有太湖清散愁。
晴日菰蒲鹅鹳下，远风波浪鱼龙游。酒酣忽忆鸱夷子，长日挂帆天汉流。