渡黄河
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南北朝]：范云
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河流迅且浊，汤汤不可陵。
桧楫难为榜，松舟才自胜。
空庭偃旧木，荒畴余故塍。
不睹行人迹，但见狐兔兴。
寄言河上老，此水何当澄。
渡黄河译文及注释
译文
黄河流水湍急而且浑浊，其盛大的水势不可阻挡。
用桧木做成的桨，船夫也难以使用，松木造成的坚船方可胜任。
空院落倒放着旧木头，荒地里留着旧土埂。
这里不见行人的踪迹，所见的只有狐狸兔子的出没。
我要对黄河边上的老人说，这浊水相当澄清了。
注释
迅：疾速，急疾。
汤汤（shāng）：水势浩大貌。陵：超越，越过。
桧（guì）楫：桧木做的桨。桧为坚硬木材，桧楫谓船桨极坚固。榜（bǎng）：船桨。
胜：胜任，担当。《诗经·卫风·竹竿》：“淇水溜漶，桧楫松舟。”
空庭：犹空院，谓荒芜冷寂的庭院。偃：倒伏。
故塍（chéng）：过去的田埂。
兴：作，这里指狐兔奔跑。
河上老：河上老：古时高士，即河上公，能预测未来。
何：何时。澄：清。传说黄河千年一清，河清则天下太平。
参考资料：
1、费振刚主编．齐梁体诗传（中）：吉林人民出版社，2000：67
2、孙年法主编．运城古中国游记·诗词歌赋篇：山西人民出版社，2015.07：137
渡黄河创作背景
黄河在北魏境内，时魏都在平城（今山西大同），故须渡河北上。是此诗当为作者永明十年（492年）出使北魏途中作。是作者为描写渡黄河前后的所见所感，以及表达自己渴望国家统一和拯救生民的忧国忧民的思想感情而作。
参考资料：
1、蔡景仙主编．山水田园诗词鉴赏：内蒙古人民出版社，2008.04：11
渡黄河鉴赏
这首诗前四句写渡河情况。起笔写出了黄河的气势和特征：水流迅猛而浑浊。这里说，连桧楫使用起来都好像力不胜任，松舟也只是勉强胜载，可见河水的迅猛，渡河的危险、困难。中四句写岸畔所见。庭户是空的，旧木横躺着，像要倒塌的样子；田地荒芜了，还可以看到往日的田埂畦垄。周围也看不到行人，只见狐兔横行。这里的村庄完全破败了，像《古诗·十五从军征》所写：“兔从狗窦入，雉从梁上飞。中庭生旅谷，井上生旅葵。”这就是作者眼中所见异族政权统治下的情形。在这描写中见出作者伤感、同情、愤慨等心情。“狐兔”既以纪实，当兼喻异族统治者。由此回过头来看前面关于黄河的描写，似也有兴寄：那汹涌浑浊的河水，当影射北中国的沦丧、淆乱。南宋张元干曾将这两个比兴融在一起，写道：“底事昆仑倾砥柱，九地黄流乱注，聚万落千村狐兔？”（《贺新郎》）以愤慨中原之陷入金人之手。最后两句：“寄言河上老，此水何当澄？”这两句的意思明显是指澄清天下、拨乱反正。由于前面写有渡河情况，这两句出现就不显得生硬；又由于前面写有社会凋残、生民涂炭情况，这两句也就显得很有感情、很有力量了。这表现了作者渴望国家统一、拯救生民出洪荒的忧国忧民的思想感情。还可交代一下，“河上老”或许用河上公的典故。葛洪《神仙传》谓河上公住在黄河之滨，能预卜未来。作者“寄言”于这种决疑释惑的人物，更能见出他渴望河清心情的急切。这里的用典是浑然无迹的。
“渡黄河”这种题材在南朝诗歌中实属罕见。作者身临北境，写出了旅途的感触，从而流露了澄清天下之志。这在“江左沉酣求名者”（辛弃疾《贺新郎》）不复顾念中原块土的情形下，这诗的创作就显得很是难能可贵了。
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谢榛《
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渡黄河》
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高适《
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自淇涉黄河途中作十三首》
范云简介
唐代·范云的简介
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范云（451～503年），字彦龙，南乡舞阴（今河南泌阳县西北）人，南朝文学家。范缜从弟，子范孝才。
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