鹧鸪天·席上作
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宋代]：范成大
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楼观青红倚快晴，惊看陆地涌蓬瀛。南园花影笙歌地，东岭松风鼓角声。
山绕水，水萦城。柳边沙外古今情。坐中更有挥毫客，一段风流画不成。
鹧鸪天·席上作鉴赏
第一首诗是词人在郊外饮宴时的即兴之作，字里行间涌动着一股洒脱不羁的豪情，而豪情之中又隐藏着一种忧国忧民的深沉感慨。
“楼观青红倚快晴”，劈头一句便勾画出南国风光的绮丽景色：雕梁画栋，朱楼翠影，倚立在晴明爽朗的丽日和风之中。“快”是词人心境的外射，即“怡红快绿”所引起的那种欢快之情。“惊看陆地涌蓬瀛”，是词人在饮宴时所产生的一种幻觉。传说海上有蓬莱、方丈，瀛洲三座仙山，词人在酣饮的醉眼朦胧中忽然觉得陆地的平野间涌出座座令人神往的仙山，不禁惊喜莫名。“南国花影笙歌地，东岭松风鼓角声”则是词人醉意中清醒意识的极其酣畅的表达：南国花影，笙歌阵阵，仿佛是一片升平气氛，然而随着东岭的松风传来军中的鼓角之声，却使人的心境如此忐忑不宁。词人在这两句词中十分准确地表现了当时的时代氛围：北国金人大军压境，南国朝野歌舞升平，作为军中主帅，词人范成大的心中该感到多么不安，他一方面在良心的谴责中作着灵魂的自我审判，一方面也以他的笔锋直刺“笙歌醉梦间”的赵宋小朝廷。这里我们不由想到范成大的同代诗人林升所写“山外青山楼外楼，西湖歌舞几时休，晚风吹得游人醉，直把杭州作汴州”的名篇。这首小令虽然写得比较含蓄，但也有异曲同工的弦外之音。
下阕对饮宴环境作进一步描画，同时更深刻地表现词人这种忧思伤世的愤激之情。“山绕水，水萦城”，江山如此多娇！在“柳边河外”饮宴的词人，面对岌岌可危的国势，令人产生古往今来仁人志士所共有的忧国忧民之情。“柳边河外”也是效命疆场的爱国将士所在环境的暗射，它与“楼观青红”是一个象征性的对立，让那些“楼外楼”中的达官贵人和他们的娇妻美妾去歌舞升平去吧，而“柳边河外”的将士们却要保卫这“山绕水、水萦城”的锦绣河山去呢。最后一句是词人自谓，他提笔挥毫而画不成一段风流，乃是因为他胸有块垒而无心于此道，这“画不成”三字包含着词人壮志难申的苦衷，也影射着朝廷的掣肘，使他“画不成”自己理想的宏图。
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上一首：
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聂冠卿《
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多丽·李良定公席上赋》
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下一首：
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钱大昕《
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弈喻》
范成大简介
唐代·范成大的简介
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范成大（1126-1193），字致能，号称石湖居士。汉族，平江吴县（今江苏苏州）人。南宋诗人。谥文穆。从江西派入手，后学习中、晚唐诗，继承了白居易、王建、张籍等诗人新乐府的现实主义精神，终于自成一家。风格平易浅显、清新妩媚。诗题材广泛，以反映农村社会生活内容的作品成就最高。他与杨万里、陆游、尤袤合称南宋“中兴四大诗人”。
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近现代：
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此水有傲骨，千秋出处艰。左行防陷泽，北注复归山。
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衢路化陌阡，台馆尽烧焚。阴风啸寒鸱，古隧翔狐群。
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赵瑗妾
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桃花高浪几尺许，银石没项不知处。
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清代：
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明代：
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曹溶
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