离觞不醉至驿却寄相送诸公
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唐代]：柳宗元
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无限居人送独醒，可怜寂寞到长亭。
荆州不遇高阳侣，一夜春寒满下厅。
离觞不醉至驿却寄相送诸公译文及注释
译文
许多故旧相送一个不合时宜的人，忍受别离的苦痛寂寂寞寞到了长亭。
贬谪南荒从未遇到郦食其那样的朋友，长夜难眠，春寒料峭充满下厅。
注释
公元815年（元和十年）正月，柳宗元奉诏回京，临行前永州亲友为他饯行。至驿站后他感慨万千，便写了这首七言绝句寄给他们。觞（shāng伤）：古代喝酒用的酒杯。离觞：送别的酒。驿（yì译）：驿站。古代来往官员及传递公文差役在中途歇宿、换马的馆舍。却寄：回寄。指到驿站后把诗回寄给永州送他的人。
居人：指居住在永州的故旧。独醒：《楚辞·渔父》：“屈原曰：‘举世皆浊我独清，众人皆醉我独醒，是以见放。’”柳诗用其意，紧扣题中“离觞不醉”。盖以屈原自喻，言其头脑清醒，不与世俗同流。
可怜：怜，有怜爱、怜惜两个意义，这里应是后者。韩愈《赠崔立元》有“可怜无补费精神。”可怜即可惜，这里引申为可悲，可叹。长亭：古时设在路旁供行人停息的亭舍。诗词中的长亭多指送别的地方。
荆州：古州名，永州古属荆州。高阳：指汉高祖刘邦的谋士郦食其（lì yì jī丽异机）。他是陈留高阳（今河南杞县西南）人。见刘邦时自称“高阳狂士”。在楚汉战争中，他多次为刘邦出谋，并亲自劝说齐王田广归汉，使刘邦未经一战而得齐地七十馀城。侣：伴侣。
下厅：指客舍。这句说作者心事重重，夜晚春寒料峭，不能成眠。
离觞不醉至驿却寄相送诸公鉴赏
公元809年（元和四年），他接到家庭世交、时任京兆尹的许孟容的来信。“得罪五年，未尝有故旧大臣以书见及者”，所以他欢欣鼓舞，随即给他回了一封千余字的长信。信的结尾，切盼许孟容设法改变他的处境，竟是满纸乞怜之词。接着他又给萧俛、李建、裴埙、顾十郞等故旧写信求援，也是毫无结果。此外，柳宗元还在《零陵赠李卿元侍御简吴武陵》一诗中用“惜无协律者，窈眇弦吾诗”，发出嘤嘤求友求援之声。
读者对于典故的理解，万不可过于拘泥。正如任何比喻都是蹩脚的一样，典故的含义跟诗人表达的思想感情更是不可能完全粘合无间。郦食其为刘邦出谋献策，使刘邦的势力由小到大，不断发展，那他就是帮了刘邦的大忙。柳宗元认为自己参加永贞革新，其事业是正义的，却反遭贬斥；他要求重返长安，“利安元元”，其要求也是正当的。然而，他在长达十年的贬谪生活中，一直没有遇到给他以援手的朋友，所以，尽管在他举诏赴京时有那么故旧亲朋为他送行，他还是感到“可怜寂寞到长亭”。
在当时复杂的政治斗争中，在经过长达十年之久的贬抑之后，柳宗元清醒地意识到：要在政治上有所作为，得到朝廷重任，没有志同道合的朋友的援手简直是不可能的。所以他在本应十分高兴的时候，反而一夜无眠，感到料峭的春寒包围着他，充溢于整个馆驿。
再回头看看“独醒”二字，读者不能不佩服诗人运笔之妙。诗人决不是“离觞不醉”，这首诗也绝不是伤别离的，诗人的醒，是对于复杂的政治斗争的清醒认识，是对于自己前途充满忧虑的清醒认识。
柳诗较少用典，这首诗虽不是古典诗词用典精当的范例，但却使诗歌的意境更加深邃，内涵更加丰富，给读者以无限的遐思。
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柳宗元简介
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柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，唐代河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。
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