送豆卢膺秀才南游序
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唐代]：柳宗元
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君子病无乎内而饰乎外，有乎内而不饰乎外者。无乎内而饰乎外，则是设覆为阱也，祸孰大焉；有乎内而不饰乎外，则是焚梓毁璞也，诟孰甚焉！于是有切磋琢磨、镞砺栝羽之道，圣人以为重。豆卢生，内之有者也，余是以好之，而欲其遂焉。而恒以幼孤羸馁为惧，恤恤焉游诸侯求给乎是，是固所以有乎内者也。然而不克专志于学，饰乎外者未大，吾愿子以《诗》、《礼》为冠屦，以《春秋》为襟带，以图史为佩服，琅乎璆璜冲牙之响发焉，煌乎山龙华虫之采列焉，则揖让周旋乎宗庙朝廷斯可也。惜乎余无禄食于世，不克称其欲，成其志，而姑欲其速反也，故诗而序云。
送豆卢膺秀才南游序译文及注释
译文
德才兼备的人经常地担忧内心没有一点的本事却一味地炫耀，或是自己很有本事，但是外表却不华美。本来没有本事还到处炫耀，这是为自己布下了一个陷阱，灾害真的是太大了；有本事而不外露，不把它发挥出来，就好像是把好的木材烧掉，把美丽的玉石毁坏，真是太龌龊了！因此就要用锻炼磨砺的方法，让自己变得既有真才实学，又善于将它显露出来，这一点是很为古代圣贤之人看好的。豆卢先生，是一个内心很有本事的人，这是我之所以喜欢他的原因，而且很想让他把才能发挥出来，取得成功。但是由于从小就成了孤儿，经常担心疾病和饥渴的来临，寒酸辛苦地在各个诸侯国之间游走，以此寻求一点生活的资助，他真的是有本事的人啊！但是，这样的话，就没有办法专心致志于自己的学业，内心拥有的才能不能够得到很好的展示和发挥，我多么希望你能将《诗》、《礼》当成人生行事的根本，将《春秋》当成是连接的纽带，将那些历史的书籍当成是协助的东西，这样的话，你内在的才华就会像美玉碰撞时发出的声音一样迸发出来，也会像山林中野雉身上炫美的羽毛一样展示出来，到那时，你就能够在各种朝廷政事之间自由地周旋，成为国家的中坚力量。然而遗憾的是我没有俸禄，你的需求我没有办法满足你，从而来完成你的志愿，只是希望你能尽早地回来，所以写了这篇序文。
注释
病：担心、担忧。内：内在的修养。饰：外在的装饰。
设覆为阱：在陷阱上放置遮盖的东西。孰：很，程度深。
诟：耻辱、羞耻的意思。
镞（zú）砺：在磨刀石上面磨箭头。栝羽：在箭的尾巴上加上羽毛。两个词都是刻苦磨炼的意思。
遂：成功、成就。⑥幼孤：年龄很小的孩子。羸馁：瘦弱饥渴的样子。
恤恤焉：忧郁的样子。
克：能。
琅乎：象声词，是珠玉等撞击后发出的声音。璆璜：都指的是美玉。冲牙：指的是古代玉饰上的配件。
揖让：古时候宾客之间的礼节。周旋：行礼时进退之礼。称：满足的意思。反：与“返”通假。
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李白《
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送裴十八图南归嵩山二首》
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周紫芝《
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卜算子·席上送王彦猷》
柳宗元简介
唐代·柳宗元的简介
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柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，唐代河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。
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唐代：
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清代：
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