银河吹笙
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唐代]：李商隐
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怅望银河吹玉笙，楼寒院冷接平明。
重衾幽梦他年断，别树羁雌昨夜惊。
月榭故香因雨发，风帘残烛隔霜清。
不须浪作缑山意，湘瑟秦箫自有情。
银河吹笙译文及注释
译文
满怀心中的惆怅望着冷漠的银河，独自吹笙，有话能跟谁说。楼院寒冷阵阵西风吹过，渐渐显现黎明的天色。
回想起昔曰的欢会依旧激情似火，只可惜已成旧事花残叶落。昨夜栖息在树上斜枝的雌鸟声声悲鸣把我从梦中惊醒望着银河吹歌。
月榭旁有一丛经雨的花朵，散发出阵阵余香仍有雨珠滴落。映霜的残烛牵动相思，为什么偏有风帘阻隔。
不要轻易将成仙的愿望许诺，那是独对青灯自我折磨。湘灵鼓瑟演奏情投意合，秦台吹箫享不尽人间欢乐。
注释
玉笙（shēng）：笙之美称，或笙之以玉为饰者。玉箫、玉琴、玉笛之称同此。刘孝威《奉和简文帝太子应令》诗：“园绮随金辂，浮丘待玉笙。”
平明：拂晓。
重衾（qīn）：两层衾被，借以喻男女欢会。幽梦：隐约不明之梦境。杜牧《即事》：“春愁兀兀成幽梦，又被流莺唤醒来。”
别树：树的斜枝。羁雌（jīcí）：失偶之雌鸟。枚乘《七发》：“暮则羁雌迷鸟宿焉。”谢灵运《晚出西射堂》：“羁雌恋旧侣，迷鸟怀故林。”刘良注：“羁雌，无偶也。”
月榭（xiè）：观月之台榭。沈约《郊居赋》：“风台累翼，月榭重檑。”榭：台上的屋子。
浪：犹随意，轻率、草率。张籍《赠王秘书》：“不曾浪出谒公侯，唯向花间水畔游。”缑（gōu）山意：指入道修仙。缑山，即缑氏山，在今河南偃师县东南。刘向《列仙传·王子乔》：王子乔者，周灵王太子晋，好吹笙，道士浮丘公接以上嵩山成仙。三十余年后，乘白鹤于山头，举手谢时人，数日乃去。李白《凤笙篇》：“绿云紫气向函关，访道应寻缑氏山。”
湘瑟（sè）：湘灵鼓瑟，即湘水女神鼓瑟传情。屈原《楚辞·远游》：“使湘灵鼓瑟兮，令海若舞冯夷。”注：“湘灵，舜妃，溺于湘水，为湘夫人。”此典原是说让传说中的湘水之神弹奏瑟，后借喻为美妙动人的艺术作品或高雅的艺术境界，唐诗中又用以表现悲思。秦箫：杜甫《郑驸马池台喜遇郑广文同饮》： “重对秦箫发，俱过阮宅来。”传说秦穆公时，有一个名叫箫只（亦作萧史）的人很会吹箫。箫声能引来白鹤、孔雀，翔集中庭。穆公的女儿弄玉爱上了箫只。穆公便把女儿嫁给了他。箫只教弄玉吹箫，能引来凤凰。穆公为他们修建凤台。箫只夫妇居台上数年不下。后一道跨凤，双双飞去。
参考资料：
1、黄世中．李商隐诗选 插图版：中华书局，2009.8：18-19
2、宋金鼎．李商隐诗今译：海燕出版社，2012.08：171-172
3、郑在瀛．李商隐诗全集 汇编今注简释：崇文书局，2011.12：134-135
4、李志敏．中华智慧教子经典全 第二版 卷三：京华出版社，2006.11：第161页
银河吹笙创作背景
此诗约作于大和三年（829）秋，诗人下玉阳赴天平幕前夕。此诗是诗人听到女冠（女道士）吹笙所作，想到了以前学仙与女冠交往的旧情。但是李商隐与王夫人感情真挚，伉俪情深，认识到自己不应牵惹旧情，写此诗更是流露出诗人对亡妻的执着与痴情。
参考资料：
1、黄世中．李商隐诗选 插图版：中华书局，2009.8：18-19
2、郑在瀛．李商隐诗全集 汇编今注简释：崇文书局，2011.12：134-135
银河吹笙鉴赏
诗题取第一句中的四个字，是李商隐诗中公认较为难懂的作品之一。诗歌看去内容散乱，解构松散，难以建立联系，然而若把握了诗人心理的变化，诗的脉络就不难发现。
这首诗打破时间与空间的顺序和逻辑联系，凭借心里直觉反映内心的微妙变化，跳跃性极强，但也显得晦涩难懂。李商隐的著名诗作《锦瑟》和《无题》（飒飒东风细雨来）都采用了这种方式进行结构，章法手法上都与《银河吹笙》相似。因此在解读上也十分相似。
首联写吹笙的环境，用暗示的手法，烘托凄凉景象。诗人在平明十分，徘徊在微冷的院落之中，满腹愁绪地遥望着银河，靠吹笙向上天传达自己的诉求。“怅”、“寒”、“冷”三字虽描写的是环境，却渲染了冷寂的氛围，暗示诗人内心的凄然。“银河”意象出现，诗人用以与自己的处境对比，暗示自己的处境尚且不如一年才能见一面的牛郎织女。诗人触景生情，使心境与环境融为一体，互相证明，互相沟通，流露出诗人内心的悲伤。
颔联记述了诗人吹笙的内容。“重衾幽梦”指夫妻生活美好和谐，尤如梦幻。李商隐虽仕途坎坷，却遇到了一位对他不离不弃的妻子，李商隐对她尊重、怜爱有加。然而妻子早亡，诗人悲恸欲绝。因此诗人在这里只能在回忆中回想当时种种过往，沉浸在梦幻的幸福与温馨中。但是诗人的美梦却被中断，现实无情地敲醒了诗人，美梦幻灭的诗人更为痛苦。他感觉自己就像窗外孤苦伶仃、通宵惊啼的雌鸟一般。李商隐始终处于幻想和现实之间，被梦想破灭的痛苦折磨着，内心失落而孤独。
颈联写眼前景物，虚实结合，全写景而落于情。诗人看到曾与妻子游赏的地方，不禁幻想当时的情景。月光温润如玉，像一片轻纱一样笼罩着台榭边的繁花，此时这些迷人的小花，应该在春雨的滋润下花繁叶茂了。然而就在此时，现实击败了梦魇，一阵寒风透过窗外，屋内红烛摇曳不定。透过布帘望向窗外，一片萧瑟，青霜带寒，凄凉至极。两句一扬一抑，先写夫妻间形影相随的温馨场景，进而寒风刺骨，将诗人从梦幻中拉回现实。他猛然惊醒，才念及斯人已去，空留断壁颓垣。在大起大落的对比中，传达诗人内心极大的思念与痛苦，虚实相映，不见斧凿，是真情流露。
尾联抒发诗人的梦想与执著。夜半时分，他像王子晋一样吹笙，不过是效仿湘灵，借音乐抒发内心矢志不渝的痴情，并不是要升仙。诗人连用两个典故。上句“缑山”取典汉刘向《列仙传》，该故事讲王子晋好吹笙，最终在缑山成仙。下旬“湘瑟”取典干钱起《省试湘灵鼓瑟》，诗题由《楚辞》中“使湘灵鼓瑟兮，令海若舞冯夷”中摘出。湘灵是舜的两个妃子：娥皇、女英在洞庭湖溺水死后成为湘水女神。两个典故的运用，表明了自己对爱情的执著纯真，感人肺腑。
此诗安排巧妙，看似散乱而实则严密。同时敢于打破常规，体现了诗人意识的流动和情绪的微妙变化。诗人多用对比手法，乐景哀景交替出现，渲染诗歌悲伤氛围，极其动人。
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晏几道《
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破阵子·柳下笙歌庭院》
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周邦彦《
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尉迟杯·离恨》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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长江无六月，此语为谁传。筠簟纱厨里，何人不可怜。
我家本在三江上，竹树成行更森爽。画阁含风蘸水开，仙槎到海随潮长。
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颂古六首
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宋代：
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释咸杰
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一桡劈脑没遮攔，大海波涛彻底乾。
尽谓单传并直指，谁知总被祖师谩。
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九日追和虞太史韵东徐佥宪叔明
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：
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刘崧
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莫叹飘零万里身，尊前相见即相亲。黄花翠竹来江外，紫蟹银鱼出海滨。
雁度石门云气近，乌啼金井露花新。不辞令节成欢醉，总是登高能赋人。
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鹊桥仙 七夕寄外
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清代：
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张玉珍
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纤云弄巧，玉钩低挂，又值双星良会。鹊回露冷夜何其，述不尽、离愁无寐。
人间别后，梦沉书远，隔断万重烟水。遥怜客馆对孤尊，也定忆、秋来憔悴。
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白虎亭新成二首 其一
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明代：
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郑廷鹄
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窈窕见深谷，山门郁穹窿。高台何崔嵬，翠壁增长松。
攀萝一登眺，新享报成功。嗟余始行役，夙心寄雕龙。