春日五门西望
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唐代]：王建
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百官朝下五门西。尘起春风过玉堤。
黄帕盖鞍呈了马，红罗系项斗回鸡。
馆松枝重墙头出，御柳条长水面齐。
唯有教坊南草绿，古苔阴地冷凄凄。
春日五门西望鉴赏
唐玄宗时，斗鸡、舞马、歌舞、百戏等，成为宫廷不可或缺的享乐活动。玄宗晚年耽于享乐导致了“安史之乱”，唐王朝几至灭亡。王建七律《春日五门西望》，即是一首讽刺玄宗荒淫误国的篇章。
“百官朝下五门西，尘起春风过御堤。”“五门”，又称午门。唐代长安城大明宫南墙有丹凤门、建福门、望仙门等五个门，故云。“西”即诗题所云“西望”。百官自大明宫下朝，步出五门，西望则是西内之太极宫、掖庭宫和东宫。西内是玄宗游戏的重要地点之一，历史上著名的宜春院的梨园弟子就生活在西内。百官退朝，侧身西望，但见一阵阵春风，把一股股灰尘吹过御堤，使整个西内显得迷迷濛濛。“尘起春风过御堤”一句虽为写景，却具有象征意义，象征着消逝的岁月无数史实已记忆不清，印象模糊。唯有玄宗的荒嬉尚历历在目。由此为下文张目。西内留下了唐王朝历代帝王的足迹，宫掖中秘闻逸事数不胜数，但最能勾起诗人回忆的却是唐玄宗。这不仅由于玄宗距诗人的时代最近，更重要的是因为玄宗是位因荒嬉几至覆国的君主。因此，颔联很自然地就从首联的望西内而过渡到对玄宗往事的追忆：马，此指舞马。舞马以黄帕覆盖其马鞍以见其珍贵。玄宗时，教坊中百戏杂耍名目繁多，诸如山车、旱船、寻橦、走索、丸剑、角抵等应有尽有。此外，斗鸡、舞马也特受玄宗喜爱。据载，玄宗曾驯练出舞马一百匹。这些马在表演时，站在巨榻之上，“衣以文绣，饰以珠玉”，随着音乐的节拍俯仰跳动，曲尽其妙。玄宗又好斗鸡戏，曾选六军小儿五百人，专门训练金毫铁距、高冠昂尾的雄鸡上千只。斗鸡比赛时，则分成若干支斗鸡队，胜者则缠以锦段。杜诗云：“斗鸡初赐锦，舞马既登床。”也正指此。舞马和斗鸡，玄宗后不再时髦。两句诗，诗人别出心裁，只选取玄宗荒嬉最典型的事例，不露声色地展示出来，而让知道这段历史故事的读者，自己去充实众多未写入诗中的内容。
颔联两句是虚笔叙事，这是由“望”而产生的遐思。颈联和尾联则是实笔写景，这是“望”的真实景物，但景中有情，是借景以寄慨。不过，在具体表现上却又不同，互有差异。
颈联“馆松枝重墙头出，御柳条长水面齐”，作今昔纵向对比，不过不是事与事对比，而是以今之物同昔之事对比。“馆”，当指建于西内之宏文馆。在春风的拂动下，馆松茂密，御柳堆烟，一派欣欣向荣的景象。这馆松御柳，曾作为玄宗享乐的见证者而存在，可现在，郁郁葱葱的馆松御柳，同转瞬即逝的玄宗的荒嬉生活，形成巨大的反差，这当然要激起诗人心中对今昔盛衰的强烈慨叹。只不过这种慨叹，并非是出自疾呼呐喊，而是寓之以景罢了。岑参《山房春事》诗云：“庭树不知人去尽，春来还发旧时花。”以“无情”“无知”的庭树之花，来透露其对梁园萧索的无限伤心之情。“教坊”，当指建于西内之宜春院。宜春院已不再是歌舞繁华之地，其南，则荒草古苔，一派阴暗凄冷之象。诗中“阴”和“冷凄凄”数字，既是写实的景语，又饱蘸着作者抚今追昔的伤痛之情，将实景和心境融合为一。
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邓千江《
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望海潮 上兰州守》
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辛弃疾《
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定风波·暮春漫兴》
王建简介
唐代·王建的简介
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王建(约767年—约830年)：字仲初，生于颍川(今河南许昌)，唐朝诗人。其著作，《新唐书·艺文志》、《郡斋读书志》、《直斋书录解题》等皆作10卷，《崇文总目》作2卷。
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