绥州作
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唐代]：韦庄
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雕阴无树水南流，雉堞连云古帝州。
带雨晚驼鸣远戍，望乡孤客倚高楼。
明妃去日花应笑，蔡琰归时鬓已秋。
一曲单于暮烽起，扶苏城上月如钩。
绥州作译文及注释
译文
初秋雨歇的暮色中，我倚靠在绥州南城门楼上，面向南方的家乡看着前头的雕山，城墙高耸与云相连，是那古帝州。
茫茫夜雨中，阒寂边塞上，驼队隐约可见，驼铃摇曳不绝。一望无垠的黄土高原上，只有我这个羁旅客独倚高楼望着故乡。
明妃出塞时路经绥州，连路边的花儿都露出笑脸，蔡琰归汉路过绥州时鬓已秋霜。
无边的暮烟在升腾，凄清的单于之曲在暮烟中回响，扶苏城上弯月如钩。
注释
绥州：州名，西魏置，治所在今陕西绥德。
雕阴：隋大业初年改绥州为雕阴郡，因雕山在该郡西南，故名。
雉（zhì）堞（dié）：指城上女墙。
远戍：指兵士守卫的边地。
明妃：汉元帝官人王昭君，晋人避文帝司马昭之讳，改称明君，又称明妃。
蔡琰（yǎn）：东汉蔡邕之女，字文姬，没于匈奴十二年，为曹操赎归。
单（chán）于：曲调名。
扶苏城：绥州于天宝元年（742年）改为上郡，即秦始皇太子扶苏曾监兵上郡处。
参考资料：
1、周蒙、冯宇主编．《毛泽东喜读的古典诗词曲赋500篇》．吉林：吉林文史出版社，2000：608
2、张忠纲主编．《全唐诗大辞典》．北京：语文出版社，2000：303
绥州作创作背景
这首诗是韦庄进士及第之前外出求学浪游绥州时作。绥州地处西南边陲，人烟稀少，冷落荒凉。诗人写登绥州城楼眺望所见，顿时感到归期渺渺。诗人寓情于景，感怀伤事，吊古伤今，惋而多悲，萧瑟凄怆，于是写下这首诗来表达他内心充满的沧桑之感。
参考资料：
1、张忠纲主编．《全唐诗大辞典》．北京：语文出版社，2000：303
绥州作鉴赏
第一、二两句写绥州城的自然状况。“雕阴”句描绘了边地荒凉。眼前是一片广漠的灰黄——黄土高原伸展到天边。这里树木不长，水土严重流失，到处是塬、峁、沟、壑，连水也不能畅流。原野多树，此地却“无”；水易流淌，这里却“难”。一“无”、一“难”，写尽了边地的荒凉、环境的艰苦。“雉堞”句写边防的严酷。在一望无垠的黄土高原上，蜿蜒的城墙高耸天际。“连云”，写空间；“古”写时间。这句时空跨度极大，故蕴蓄丰厚，寓意深刻。以上两句从静的角度来写，用笔粗犷简括。说明了诗人是从从时、空两方面拓展了深邃的意境。
第三、四两句写诗人形象、夜雨驼铃与倚楼怀乡。诗人的形象是独倚高楼、引颈远望。“带雨”从动的角度写景，笔触转而工致。“望乡孤客”既点明诗人的身份处境，又表现了他的动作行为。诗人的目的是“望乡”，时已届晚，没有望到故乡，却望见烟雨迷蒙的远方戍兵的身影，以及驼铃声中的骆驼在缓缓跋涉。给荒凉的旷野增添许多凄凉况味，充满鲜明的边地特色。同时也更加暗示出诗人所在之地与家乡距离的遥远，突出了“孤客”之“孤”。
第五、六两句是诗人所展开的联想。诗人望着眼前的路，引起内心的联想：这条连通内地边塞的路自古以来就一直存在着，汉元帝昭君出塞时走的就是这条路，她之后被曹操以匈奴赎归回汉时走的也是这条路。这两个历史人物一向被视为背井离乡、沦落不偶的典型，在这里诗人也有将他们引以自况的意思在内。自己到处漂泊，前途茫茫，这种处境同当年的王昭君、蔡琰也有某种相似。即使以后倘或出现文姬归汉式的转机，个人也会两鬓斑白，垂垂老矣了，诗人借历史人物委婉的传达出自己的心曲，可谓别开生面。
第七、八两句，写对边患的感慨，以景语出之。单于，曲名。属唐大角曲。单于又是匈奴的最高首领，故亦有相关义。边月如钩，月色凄冷，《单于》一曲，在夜空回荡，引起“孤客”对边患的联想，暮色中蓦地升起了报警的烽火，结句摇曳生姿，感慨蕴蓄在写景之中，神味飞逸于语言之外。“扶苏城上月如钩”一句诗还包含有许多意蕴，可看出诗人还意有未尽，但诗却戛然而止，给人以含不尽之意于言外的感觉。
这首诗对边地景物的描写渲染笔酣墨饱，淋漓尽致。无树无水、雉堞连云、鸣驼远戍、单于烽烟，都是诗人眼中望到的边塞景象。这些景象又被迷离的晚雨和朦胧的月光所笼罩，将分散的景物组接融和在一起，构成统一的格调氛围。这一切既是诗人眼中之景，又是诗人身处之境，情由境生，境真情切，透过诗人对绥州景物的描写，表现他郁塞悲苦的心情。
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纳兰性德《
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生查子·短焰剔残花》
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常建《
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塞下曲四首·其一》
韦庄简介
唐代·韦庄的简介
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韦庄（约836年─910年），字端己，杜陵（今中国陕西省西安市附近）人，诗人韦应物的四代孙，唐朝花间派词人，词风清丽，有《浣花词》流传。曾任前蜀宰相，谥文靖。
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