菩萨蛮·黄云紫塞三千里
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清代]：纳兰性德
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黄云紫塞三千里，女墙西畔啼乌起。落日万山寒，萧萧猎马还。
笳声听不得，入夜空城黑。秋梦不归家，残灯落碎花。
菩萨蛮·黄云紫塞三千里译文及注释
译文
莽莽几千里的边塞，女墙一路延绵。黄昏之时，无数乌鸦的啼音滴落在城墙西畔。夕阳收拢最后一丝光热，落入西山。远处的群山被暮色清寒笼罩，天光暗沉下来。此时可见猎队回归，马鸣萧萧响彻耳际。
入夜时分，便有人吹响胡笳。秋夜瑟瑟，笳声凄凄切切不堪听。不堪听，还生愁。他是身处异乡的人。愁绪会带来无端的空寂之感，遁入无尽的黑暗后又重新和着夜色将他包裹。梦里不归家，离别有多苦，这一夜，他怕是又要彻夜不眠。一盏残灯相伴幽怀，灯花泪水两簌簌。
注释
菩萨蛮：词牌名，双调，四十四字。从唐代开始有作品出现，原为女蛮国的乐曲，开元、天宝（713—756）年间传入中国。
黄云：指边塞之云。紫塞：原指长城，此泛指边塞。崔豹《古今注·都邑》：“秦筑长城，土色皆紫。汉塞亦然，故称紫塞焉。”
女墙：城墙上呈凹凸状的短墙。出自刘禹锡《金陵五题·石头城》：“淮水东边旧时月，夜深还过女墙来。”
萧萧：马嘶声。
茄（jīa）：胡笳。
落碎花：灯花掉落。出自戎昱《桂州腊夜》：“晓角分残漏，孤灯落碎花。”
参考资料：
1、（清）纳兰性德著．一片幽情冷处浓：纳兰词：人民文学出版社，2009.11：第16页
菩萨蛮·黄云紫塞三千里创作背景
这首词作于妻子卢氏病故后，词人秋天随康熙帝巡近边时。词人离家来到边塞，千里之隔，使他生出思乡之情。身处千里之外，这深秋的梦也不能带他回到家乡，孤寂与脆弱袒露无疑，于是创作了这首词抒发满心愁绪。
参考资料：
1、张菊玲，李红雨著．纳兰词新解：北京十月文艺出版社，2014.10,：第171页
菩萨蛮·黄云紫塞三千里鉴赏
上片描绘边塞黄昏苍凉的秋色。首二句以如椽之笔写景，不胜开阔，直追盛唐边塞诗。单看之，无丝毫狭小局促、落落寡欢之感，谓词人被边塞特有的秋景深深吸引，亦无不可。接下是“落日万山寒，萧萧猎马还”，豪壮大气不改，初添萧索苍茫之感。上片四句，连而读之，自是一幅流动的画面：近有城墙两边的“啼乌”，远则是落日与群山，在红红的落日与苍莽的群山的衬托中，又有猎马飞驰而来。词中的景，有声、有色、有动、有静，把边塞景色的特点，完全体现出来了。
下片是描绘入夜之景和抒发思乡之情。塞上本来就多悲凉之意，与词人的远戍之苦、思家之心，融合在一起，当胡笳吹起时，那呜呜的声音，使边地的开阔誊和词人的惊异感顿然消失，充溢着的是一片悲凉的情调，词人的心情也随之沉重起来。所以词人说“笳声听不得”，因此整片词的词情在微微的灰白之后，忽然黯淡起来。而“空城黑”三字，又为词境增加了些许荒漠凄凉之意。这两句在肃杀中寓悲凉，展现出词人已经蓄满的感情，直至引出末二句。“秋梦不归家”是抒情，是感叹，道出了深蕴的悲怆孤独的思乡之情。“残灯落碎花”是写眼前实景，诗人“归家”而不得，希冀于梦中，又不能入睡，就只能在“残灯”独坐了。末二句将词人的思乡梦不成与眼前的残灯结合，簌簌而落的灯花又何尝不是词人心碎的隐喻，一个“落”字而境界全出。
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岑参《
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首秋轮台》
纳兰性德简介
唐代·纳兰性德的简介
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纳兰性德（1655－1685），满洲人，字容若，号楞伽山人，清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉，在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期，其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王，却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景，加之个人的超逸才华，使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇？等闲变却故人心，却道故人心易变。”富于意境，是其众多代表作之一。
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