和答元明黔南赠别
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宋代]：黄庭坚
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万里相看忘逆旅，三声清泪落离觞。
朝云往日攀天梦，夜雨何时对榻凉。
急雪脊令相并影，惊风鸿雁不成行。
归舟天际常回首，从此频书慰断肠。
和答元明黔南赠别译文及注释
译文
兄弟俩在离家万里的黔州边远之地，依依惜别似乎忘记了身在逆境的羁旅生涯，野猿的悲鸣使我们从离别忘情中清醒，伤心的泪水落洒落在离别时的酒杯之中。
回忆起楚怀王梦见神女朝云暮雪之事，使我不禁想到自己的登天之梦破灭。夜雨淅淅沥沥，何时可以和兄长对床而卧，长聚相伴。
风雨雪交加急降，鹡鸰鸟在风雪中形影不离，鸿雁在风暴中惊慌的离散失群，飞不成行。
相必兄长你会在归舟中常常翘首遥望天边，频频回首离别的方向，从今后还要多寄来书信安慰天涯断肠的我。
注释
元明：黄庭坚的长兄黄大临，字元明，弟兄两手足情深。
万里：指黄庭坚《书萍乡县厅壁》记述兄弟相送之事：初元明自陈留出尉氏、许昌，渡汉沔。略江陵，上夔峡，过一百八盘，涉四十八渡，进余安置于摩围山之下。淹留数月，不忍别，士大夫共慰勉之，乃肯行，掩泪握手，为万里无相见期之别。”代指路途遥远。
相看：相对。
逆旅：旅店。
三声清泪：古乐府《巴东三峡歌》：“巴东三峡巫峡长，猿鸣三声泪沾裳”。
觞(shāng)：指酒杯。
攀天：代指仕途坎坷，阻力重重。
脊令：鸟名，即鹡鸰(jī líng)。
鸿雁：喻兄弟。
归舟天际：引用谢脁《之宣城出新林浦向板桥》诗句：“天际识归舟，云中辨江树。”
频书：常常通信。
参考资料：
1、蒋方 ．黄庭坚集．南京市：凤凰出版社，2007：51-53
2、张海鸥．宋名家诗导读．广州市：广东人民出版社 ，2001：180-181
3、李元强，卢晋．宋诗鉴赏辞典．上海市：上海科学技术文献出版社，2008：233-234
4、朱安群，叶树发． 黄庭坚诗文选译古代文史名著选译丛书：凤凰出版社，2011.05：147-149
和答元明黔南赠别创作背景
这首诗是在绍圣二年（1095），作者因所谓“修史失实”罪名遭贬涪州别驾、黔州安置，其兄黄大临不远万里，亲送贬所，黄氏兄弟手足情深，分手时难舍难分，分别后作此赠别诗，以抒发兄弟离别哀伤之情。
参考资料：
1、李元强，卢晋．宋诗鉴赏辞典．上海市：上海科学技术文献出版社，2008：233-234
和答元明黔南赠别鉴赏
全诗感情深笃，首联即正面写离别的衷痛，掀起感情的波澜。在离家万里的边远之地，兄弟相对，情深谊长，忘记了是谪居异乡，暂寓逆旅。但无情的现实却是离别在即，归途迢递，兄弟将天各一方。野猿的哀啼悲鸣陡然使他从幻想中清醒过来，于是点点清泪洒落在离别时的酒杯中。
颔联写抱负落空，但求将来能兄弟相伴，晤言一室之内，长享天伦之乐。作者被贬当日与兄长黄元明同过巫峡时，回忆起楚王梦见神女的故事。同时也隐寓诗人往日的抱负，好似登天之梦，已经破灭。邪佞当道，仕途阻力重重，如《代书》：“屈指推日星，许身上云霞。安知九天关，虎豹守夜叉。”《送少章从翰林苏公余杭》：“欲攀天关守九虎，但有笔力回万牛。”这一比喻又是来自屈原的“楚辞”，如《离骚》：“吾令帝阍开关兮，倚闾阖而望予。”《惜诵》：“昔余梦登天兮，魂中道而无杭。”《招魂》：“魂兮归来！君无上天些！虎豹九关，啄害下人些。”“夜雨”句则是用韦应物与苏轼的诗意，感叹什么时候兄弟能长聚相伴，对榻话旧。韦应物《示全真元长》诗：“宁知风雪夜，复此对床眠。”后经白居易沿用，“风雪”又化为“风雨”，其《雨中招张司业宿》诗说：“能来同宿否，听雨对床眠？”苏轼兄弟极喜此句，他们早年同读韦应物此诗，“侧然感之，乃相约早退，为闲居之乐”（苏辙《逍遥堂会宿诗序》），所以他们的诗中常常咏及“对床夜语”，用以指摆脱了官场的束缚后，兄弟之间亲切温馨、自由自在的生活，如苏轼“寒灯相对记畴昔，夜雨何时听萧瑟？”（《辛丑十一月十九日既与子由别于郑州西门之外马上赋诗一篇寄之》）此句即为黄庭坚诗句的出处。“凉”又是暗用陶渊明“五、六月中，北窗下卧，遇凉风暂至，自谓是羲皇上人”的意思（《与子俨等疏》），形容归隐后的逍遥自得。黄庭坚在这里与长兄以退隐相约，表达了他在政治上遭受挫折而失望后，想在隐逸与天伦之乐中寻找慰藉的思想。
颈联既是写景，又是比兴，进一步申足兄弟之情。出句写大雪纷飞中，但见鹡鸰鸟相互依傍，同时也是喻兄弟患难与共。《诗经·小雅·常棣》：“脊令在原，兄弟急难。”对句则写惊风中，大雁离散失群，飞不成行。“雁行”也是切兄弟之意，《礼记·王制》：“父之齿随行，兄之齿雁行。”就写景而言，这一联是赋笔，但赋中有比，同时从睹物兴怀而言，则又是象中有兴。诗人眼前的风雪交加之景使他感叹自己境遇的险恶、兄弟的离散，所以将雪称作“急”，风称作“惊”，正反映了诗人触景所生之情。柳宗元《登柳州城楼寄漳汀封连四州刺史》中所写的“惊风乱飐芙蓉水，密雨斜侵薛荔墙”，正为黄庭坚所借鉴。这一联用典贴切，形象生动。对比鲜明，“脊令并影”既是手足情深的写照，又反衬出兄弟离散的哀伤。
尾联从自身宕开，翻进一层，写兄长在归舟中常常翘首遥望天际，盼望兄弟早日归来。谢朓《之宣城出新林浦向板桥》诗说：“天际识归舟，云中辨江树。”黄庭坚化用此诗，而在写法上则吸取前人的艺术经验，比单纯写自己的相思来得更深婉蕴藉，更富有情致。如王维的《九月九日忆山东兄弟》，结句从对方落笔，反写兄弟思念自己：“遥知兄弟登高处，遍插茱萸少一人。”杜甫《月夜》写“遥怜小儿女，未解忆长安。香雾云鬟湿，清辉玉臂寒”，都是同一手法。结句作临别时的珍重叮咛之语：从今后可要多多来信，以慰我这天涯断肠人。诗人的满腔深情都倾注在这声声嘱咐中了。
这首诗表现出黄庭坚在化用典故成语上的深厚功力。他用典繁富，但经过锻炼熔铸，却显得浑成无迹；正所谓水中着盐，食而方知其味。由于善用典故、点化成语，大大丰富了诗句的内涵，触发了层层的联想，所以这首诗读来令人回味无穷。黄庭坚的诗以瘦劲挺拔著称，但这只是问题的一面。由于他宅心忠厚，感情诚挚，所以他的诗作，拗峭中仍不失深婉之致，尤其是为师友、兄弟赠答之作，更是情真意切，颇为感人，此诗即是一例。
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陶渊明《
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答庞参军》
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苏轼《
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减字木兰花·送东武令赵昶失官归》
黄庭坚简介
唐代·黄庭坚的简介
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黄庭坚（1045.8.9-1105.5.24），字鲁直，号山谷道人，晚号涪翁，洪州分宁（今江西省九江市修水县）人，北宋著名文学家、书法家，为盛极一时的江西诗派开山之祖，与杜甫、陈师道和陈与义素有“一祖三宗”（黄庭坚为其中一宗）之称。与张耒、晁补之、秦观都游学于苏轼门下，合称为“苏门四学士”。生前与苏轼齐名，世称“苏黄”。著有《山谷词》，且黄庭坚书法亦能独树一格，为“宋四家”之一。
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挽石应之提刑 其二
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：
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孙应时
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芹泮青灯夜，山亭皂盖春。重更双使节，总为两淮民。
德意人人浃，工夫事事新。帝城车马外，才此寄经纶。
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赠蔡二寿仁翁 其二
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：
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林朝崧
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负箧诸孙远，神山望眼中。高楼花萼感，俗物马牛风。
健饭不知老，佯痴久作翁。关怀唯一事，百岁树人功。
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九日三首 其二
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宋代：
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张嵲
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登高未用怀郪县，少异谁能识孟嘉。岁岁青樽常有酒，年年黄菊未逢花。
分将默坐更搜句，肯以衔杯当饮茶。且莫凭栏伤极目，人间秋日易西斜。
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乞巧词
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元代：
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杨维桢
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天上星重会，征西客未归。
殷勤乞方便，灵鹊度人飞。