渔家傲·和程公辟赠
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宋代]：张先
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巴子城头青草暮，巴山重叠相逢处。燕子占巢花脱树。杯且举，瞿塘水阔舟难渡。
天外吴门清霅路。君家正在吴门住。赠我柳枝情几许。春满缕，为君将入江南去。
渔家傲·和程公辟赠译文及注释
译文
渝州城头长满暮春的草，在重重巴山我俩相逢。你先回到故乡好比燕归定巢，而我还留在异乡如花儿脱离树木。酒杯暂且频繁举起别停下筷子。瞿塘江水宽广很难渡过。
在天外苏州连着清霅的路，你家恰好住在苏州。你折柳送我真是情深意重。满眼绿色的柳树随风舞蹈，一直送你到江南。
注释
渔家傲 ：词牌名。
程公辟：名师孟。曾提点夔州路刑狱（主管一路司法刑狱和监察的长官）。
巴子：指渝州，周代为巴子国，即今之巴县。
巴山：东汉末刘璋在四川置巴郡（巴县）、巴东（奉节垦）、巴西（阆中县）三郡，合称“三巴”。这里的巴山指巴子一带。
占巢：相传燕子在立春后清明前从南海飞回我国。燕子有飞回原栖息地住旧巢的习性。
花脱树：指花开后花瓣从树枝上落下。
瞿塘：瞿塘峡。
吴门：今苏州市。
清霅（zhà）：指霅溪，在今浙江吴兴。
春满缕：指刚折下的柳枝，春意盎然。
将：持，拿。
江南：泛指二人的家乡。
参考资料：
1、常振国．《我思君处君思我：友谊词品珍》．上海：东方出版社，1995年08月第1版：第15页
2、李华编著．《词三百首详注》．江西省：百花洲文艺出版社，2002.08：第31页
3、吕新民 关贤柱．《唐宋名家词译析》．贵州：贵州人民出版社，1988年08月第1版：第86页
渔家傲·和程公辟赠创作背景
张先六十三岁那年（1052），以屯田员外郎知渝州（今四川重庆），不久离任。此词为离任时答赠时任夔州（今四川奉节）路提点刑狱的友人程师孟之作。
参考资料：
1、唐圭璋主编．《唐宋词鉴赏辞典》．江苏：江苏古籍出版社，1986年12月第1版：第254页
渔家傲·和程公辟赠鉴赏
这是作者为友人程公辟赠别之作而写的和词，也是一首富含民歌风味的词。
上片点染相别的时地境象。起句点时地，“巴子城头”，点出送别的地点。青草萋萋，天色向晚，点明送别的季节、时间。下两句宕开渲染。巴山重峦叠嶂，渲染词人与友相逢相别地方的境象。燕子觅巢，春花辞树，既渲染了分别时节的景象，亦隐喻彼此的一去一留。杂花生树，落英缤纷的景色，也只以“花脱树”一语尽之。“脱”字避熟就生，亦有妙趣。相逢在异乡，相别又当春暮。“杯且举”两句，述临歧殷勤劝酒并话及旅途险恶。瞿唐峡，山高水急，自古行舟艰难。暗示双方入川出川之不易，倍增此时的感慨。
下片抒写惜别的情怀，首言自己所去之地。古代交通不便，从四川到江、浙，道路遥远，放觉如在天外。下句点出友人家园所在。宋平江军吴郡和湖州吴兴郡同属两浙路，隔太湖南北相望。从道阻且长写到家乡密迩，不仅上下片意脉联贯，更便于巧妙地为全篇作结。他首先感谢友人的赠柳情深。接着表明珍重这一友谊，要将春意盎然的柳枝带回到彼此的故乡——江南，让它发荣滋长，象征着友谊长青。结尾三句宛转其意。作者自注曰：“来词云‘折柳赠君君且住’。”折柳赠别，意挽留。作者为了感激其深情厚谊，所以要把所赠的柳枝和无限乡思带回那草长莺飞的江南。这里的“江南”，承上“君家正吴门住”句，意指“吴门”。
词语言真挚，明白流利而词句却委婉，多低徊不尽之意，情意深厚有余。
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晏殊《
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喜迁莺·花不尽》
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李白《
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下途归石门旧居》
张先简介
唐代·张先的简介
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张先（990－1078），字子野，乌程（今浙江湖州吴兴）人。北宋时期著名的词人，曾任安陆县的知县，因此人称“张安陆”。天圣八年进士，官至尚书都官郎中。晚年退居湖杭之间。曾与梅尧臣、欧阳修、苏轼等游。善作慢词，与柳永齐名，造语工巧，曾因三处善用“影”字，世称张三影。
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