虞美人·述怀
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宋代]：苏轼
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归心正似三春草。试著莱衣小。橘怀几日向翁开。怀祖已瞋文度、不归来。
禅心已断人间爱。只有平交在。笑论瓜葛一枰同。看取灵光新赋、有家风。
虞美人·述怀译文及注释
译文
马中玉探母归心如三月春草之盛，像老莱子著小儿衣以取悦父母一样孝敬父亲；像三国吴人陆绩六岁见袁术时，悄悄怀揣三枚橘子，欲归送母亲；又像晋人王坦之不速归探父怀祖，父亲便要瞪眼发怒了。
我心境清静澄明，已无七情六欲，不像马中玉那样执著于人间情爱了。只有平昔之交，不论什么纠葛亲友关系都一视同仁。看一下《灵光》新赋，颇有马中玉的诗书传家风范。
注释
虞美人：词牌名，原唐教坊曲名。
三春草：意谓探望母亲的归心如春草越来越盛。孟郊《游子吟》：“慈母手中线，游子身上衣。临行密密缝，意恐迟迟归。谁言寸草心，报得三春晖。”
橘怀：用陆绩怀橘故事来比喻马中玉孝敬父母。
瞋（chēn）：瞪眼发怒。
禅心已断人同爱：意谓自己心境清静澄明，已无七情六欲，不像马中玉那样执著于人间情爱了。
笑论瓜葛一枰同：意谓不论什么关系都一视同仁。瓜葛：瓜、葛是两种蔓生的植物，蔓生纠结，比喻各种亲友关系。
灵光新赋：指王延寿作的《灵光殿赋》。
参考资料：
1、朱靖华，饶学刚，王文龙编著,苏轼词新释辑评 （下册）,中国书店,,第1112-1114页
2、（北宋）苏轼 （南宋）李清照等著,宋词精编,中州古籍出版社,第130页
虞美人·述怀创作背景
宋哲宗元祐六年（1091年）三月，当时苏轼的友人马中玉辞掉官职回家探望母亲，为表达马中玉的孝心，苏轼作了这首词送给他。
参考资料：
1、朱靖华，饶学刚，王文龙编著,苏轼词新释辑评 （下册）,中国书店,,第1112-1114页
虞美人·述怀鉴赏
上片赞颂友人马中玉对其父母的孝养之心：四句全部用典。“归心正似三月草”，化用孟郊《游子吟》诗事；“试着莱衣小”，乃选用《列女传》“老莱子孝养二亲”之典；“橘怀几日向翁开”，是用《三国志·吴志·陆绩传》之故事；“怀祖已嗔文度、不归来”，乃化用《晋书·王湛传》事典。这些典故均附含马中玉性情之实际，贴切自然，启人联想，可以窥见词人的学识渊博和才艺出众。
下片则叹息自己的心绪和情感，远不如友人马中玉的热烈积极：“禅心已断人间爱，只有平交在。笑论瓜葛一秤同。”词人在仕途上屡遭挫折，佛家的清静澄明，已浸透了他的心灵，消磨掉了炽热的情感，已不似马中玉这般执著于人间的诸般情爱了。所剩下的，只有平昔之交，不论什么纠葛亲友关系，都一视同仁。平交意指平淡之心。词篇在与友人的对比反差中，突出烘托了马中玉的孝亲个性和形象。末句：“看取灵光新赋、有家风”，又回到用典的艺术方法上，它以后汉王延寿作《灵光殿赋》的才华横溢、卓然出众，再次补充赞美了马中玉的诗书传家风范。
全词叠用事典，引喻譬类，意象复加地塑造了马中玉友人的高尚品格和丰满形象，堪称是词人“以才学为词”的典型之作。引譬用典，可使词章含蓄蕴藉，别造新境，烘云托月，虚实相生；然而，这首词典故过多，也往往形成词意晦涩，阻滞思路，不易霎时领会词旨的缺憾。
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张可久《
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天净沙·鲁卿庵中》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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