东门之杨
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两汉]：佚名
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东门之杨，其叶牂牂。昏以为期，明星煌煌。
东门之杨，其叶肺肺。昏以为期，明星晢晢。
东门之杨译文及注释
译文
我依偎着东城门外小白杨，浓密叶片辉映着金色夕阳。约好黄昏时相会在老地方，却让我苦等到明星闪闪亮。
我来到东城门外白杨林边，晚霞映红了白杨浓密叶片。明明和人家约好黄昏见面，却让我苦等到星星嵌满天。
注释
牂（zāng）牂：风吹树叶的响声。一说枝叶茂盛的样子。
昏：黄昏。期：约定的时间。
明星：明亮的星星。一说启明星，晨见东方。煌煌：明亮的样子。
肺（pèi）肺：枝叶茂盛的样子。
晢（zhé）晢：明亮的样子。
东门之杨创作背景
关于此诗背景，《毛诗序》认为是“刺时之作”，以为刺的是“昏姻失时，男女多违，亲迎女犹有不至者”。这种观点今人多不取。今人多赞成朱熹的观点，认为这是一首男女约会而久候不至的诗。
参考资料：
1、王秀梅 译注．诗经（上）：国风．北京：中华书局，2015：273-274
2、姜亮夫 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：270-271
东门之杨鉴赏
这首诗中那在白杨树下踯躅的人儿，究竟是男、是女，很难判断，但有一点可以肯定：他（或她）一定是早早吃罢晚饭，就喜孜孜来到城东门外赴约了。这约会在初恋者的心上，既隐秘又新奇，其间涌动着的，当然还有几分羞涩、几分兴奋。陈国都城的“东门”外，又正是男女青年的聚会之处，那里有“丘”、有“池”、有“枌”（白榆），“陈风”中的爱情之歌《东门之池》、《宛丘》、《月出》、《东门之枌》，大抵都产生于这块爱情圣地。
此时主人公的伫足之处，正有一排挺拔高耸的白杨。诗中描述它们“其叶牂牂”、“其叶肺肺”，可见正当叶儿繁茂、清碧满树的夏令。当黄昏降临、星月在天的夜晚，乌蓝的天空撒下银白的光雾，白杨树下便该映漾出一片怎样摇曳多姿的树影。清风吹过，满树的叶儿便“牂牂”、“肺肺”作响。这情景在等候GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人的主人公眼中，起初一定是异常美妙的。故诗之入笔，即从黄昏夏夜中的白杨写起，表现着一种如梦如幻的画境；再加上“牂牂”、“肺肺”的树声，听来简直就是心儿的浅唱低回。
但当主人公久待GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人而不见的时候，诗情便出现了巨大的逆转。“昏以为期，明星煌煌”、“昏以为期，明星晢晢”——字面的景象似乎依然很美，那“煌煌”、“晢晢”的启明星，高高升起于青碧如洗的夜空，静谧的世界便全被这灿烂的星辰照耀了。然而，约会的时间明明是在黄昏，此时却已是斗转星移的清寂凌晨，连启明星都已闪耀在东天，GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人却不知在哪儿。诗讲究含蓄，故句面上始终未出现不见GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人的字眼。但那久待的焦灼，失望的懊恼，分明已充溢于字里行间。于是“煌煌”闪烁的“明星”，似也感受了“昏以为期”的失约，而变得焦灼不安了；就是那曾经唱着歌儿似的白杨树声，也化成了一片嘘唏和叹息。
此诗运用的并非“兴”语，而是情景如画的“赋”法描摹。在终夜难耐的等待之中，借白杨树声和“煌煌”明星之景的点染，来烘托不见伊人的焦灼和惆怅，无一句情语，而懊恼、哀伤之情自现。这正是此诗情感抒写上的妙处。由于开笔一无征兆，直至结句方才暗示期会有失，更使诗中的景物描摹，带有了伴随情感逆转而改观的不同色彩，造成了似乐还哀的氛围递换、变化的效果。
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佚名《
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国风·召南·草虫》
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佚名《
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汉广》
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