嘲鲁儒
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唐代]：李白
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鲁叟谈五经，白发死章句。
问以经济策，茫如坠烟雾。
足著远游履，首戴方山巾。
缓步从直道，未行先起尘。
秦家丞相府，不重褒衣人。
君非叔孙通，与我本殊伦。
时事且未达，归耕汶水滨。
嘲鲁儒译文及注释
译文
鲁地老叟谈论《五经》，白发皓首只能死守章句。问他经国济世的策略，茫茫然如同坠入烟雾。脚穿远游的文履，头戴方山的头巾。沿着直道缓援迈步，还没抬脚，已掀起了尘土。秦相李斯不重用儒生，你也不是达于时变的通儒叔孙通，和我原本就不是同流。什么适合时代的形势都未晓得，还是回到汶水边去躬耕吧。
注释
鲁，春秋时鲁国，在今山东省南部。鲁儒，鲁地的儒生。
鲁叟，鲁地的老头子，指鲁儒。五经，指五部儒家经典，即《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《易》、《春秋》。
章句，分析古书章节、句读。死章句，老死于章句之学中。
经济策，治理国家的方略。茫，茫然，模糊不清的样子。
著（zhuó），穿。远游履（lǚ），鞋名。
方山巾，古代一种方形头巾。
从，沿着。
“缓步”“未行”两句意为：慢吞吞地沿着直路踱着，未迈开脚步，宽大袖已拂起了地上的灰尘。
秦家丞相，指李斯。
褒衣，儒生穿的一种宽大的衣服。褒衣人，指儒生。
叔孙通，汉初薛县（今山东枣庄薛城）人。
殊伦，不是同一类人物。汶水，今山东大汶河。汶水滨，指鲁儒的故乡。
参考资料：
1、詹福瑞 等 ．李白诗全译 ．石家庄 ：河北人民出版社 ，1997 ：946-947 ．
嘲鲁儒创作背景
《嘲鲁儒》这首诗，大约作于开元末年李白移居东鲁不久，有人认为此诗作于开元二十五年（727年）。李白寓居的瑕丘，就是今天的兖州，其地距孔子故里曲阜不过数十里之遥，正是“盛产”儒生的地方。李白来到这里，见到大批“鲁儒”，一旦与之交接，心所鄙之，因此写诗以讽。
参考资料：
1、周啸天 等 ．唐诗鉴赏辞典补编 ．成都 ：四川文艺出版社 ，1990 ：166-168 ．
2、詹福瑞 等 ．李白诗全译 ．石家庄 ：河北人民出版社 ，1997 ：946-947 ．
嘲鲁儒鉴赏
这是一首讽刺诗，讽刺的对象是东鲁（今山东）的儒生。鲁地有儒者虽皓首穷经，却死守章句，不懂经邦治国之策。李白自视有“经济之才”、“王霸大略”，或曾受到某“鲁儒”的轻视和嘲笑，故以此诗反讥之。
开头四句说，那些白发苍苍的“鲁叟”们，言必称“五经”，他们以毕生的精力，将《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《易》、《春秋》这几部儒家圣贤之书的章句背得滚瓜烂熟，学问可算是很大了。但是，假如向他们请教一下经国济世的方略，就如坠烟雾，茫然不知所对。这里将鲁儒的精通经书和不谙时务相对比，揭示了他们的无能本质。
然而，标志着儒生身分的仪容却是丝毫马虎不得的。诗人接着以漫画笔法，活灵活现地描摹了鲁儒们迂腐可笑的举止：他们脚下穿着文饰考究的远游履，头上戴着平整端重的方山巾，不慌不忙，很有风度地上了大路，宽大的襟袖拖在地上，步子还未迈动，先扬起了一片尘土。鲁儒们故做庄严的神态与其实际上给人的滑稽感构成的对比，产生出一种喜剧效果；同时，鲁儒们外表的矜持与其内里的无能构成的对比，又更加突现了他们的迂阔。
诗末六句，是诗人对鲁儒的评论，并且将自己摆进去与鲁儒加以对比，在这种对比中表达自己的积极用世思想。诗中采用了以古喻今的写法：当年秦始皇曾采纳丞相李斯的建议，下令没收天下的《诗》《书》等儒家之书，谁敢违抗，就施以黥刑，并被罚去筑城。当时，那些褒衣博带的儒生确是吃了苦头。李白对鲁儒们说：正像秦代那些儒生们的可悲遭遇一样，你们这些人断然得不到朝廷的器重；我虽然也崇奉儒学，但却要效法叔孙通，干一番辅弼朝廷的事业，绝不与你们为伍。你们既然对时务一窍不通，那么，就请回到老家的汶水边上种田去吧！结尾二句的嘲讽是极其辛辣的，令人如见鲁儒们的窘态，和李白飞扬跋扈的神情，也感受到了他的宏伟理想所迸发出的精神力量。
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杜甫《
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客从》
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陈于王《
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题桃花扇传奇》
李白简介
唐代·李白的简介
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李白（701年－762年），字太白，号青莲居士，唐朝浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”。祖籍陇西成纪(待考)，出生于西域碎叶城，4岁再随父迁至剑南道绵州。李白存世诗文千余篇，有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝，享年61岁。其墓在今安徽当涂，四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。
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