上太行山
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明代]：于谦
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西风落日草斑斑，云薄秋空鸟独还。
两鬓霜华千里客，马蹄又上太行山。
上太行山译文及注释
译文
落日时分西风吹动草色间杂的劲草，气清云淡，秋空中飞鸟独还。
两鬓白如霜雪的我在山道孤身跋涉，策马奔行再次踏上太行山。
注释
太行：太行山。此指山西境内的太行山。
斑斑：草色间杂。
霜华：形容如霜花一样花白。
千里客：作者自称。
上太行山创作背景
公元1430年（宣德五年）时，三十三岁的于谦以兵部右侍郎巡抚山西、河南两省，达十七年之久。回京议事，因未给宦官王振送礼，被诬下狱。数月后释出，又派他巡抚山西、河南。这时他已是五十余岁。从诗的后两句来看，这首诗当作于第二次出巡两省时。
参考资料：
1、本书编委会编．明诗观止：学林出版社，2015.08：52
上太行山鉴赏
这是一首行旅诗。
“风落日草班班，云薄秋空鸟独还。”描绘出一幅太行山中暮色苍茫的秋景图。“西风”两字，既点明此时太行的季节，又突出作者身临太行山的感受。劲扫落叶的秋风拂面吹来，最易使人想起天地的肃杀而惆怅思归。诗人登临眺望，只见夕阳西坠，或枯黄或残绿的杂草在落晖中阴暗参差，显得色彩错杂斑驳。平视惟有满山遍野的衰草，夹着残光惨淡的落日，一片萧索；仰望天空，暮云逐渐密布了高远的秋空，笼罩了连绵的群山，朦朦胧胧、寂寂寥寥，只有一只回山归巢的鸟儿在孤飞，够凄清的。萧索凄清构成了诗人即景抒情的环境氛围。在这里，归鸟的描写颇有画龙点晴的妙用，鸟的飞动点活了天高云淡的静态画面，使整幅画面有了生气，更是寄托了作者浓浓的思乡之情，与前面令人思归的气氛正相呼应。这两句寓情于景，为后两句的抒情作了铺垫。
“两鬓霜华千里客”，是作者自述生平。诗人自二十五岁入宦途起，先后出使湖广，招抚川贵，巡按江西，三十三岁时巡抚河南、山西至半百之年，如今自己已经鬓发花白；长年累月地远旅他乡、奔波道路，写此诗时在山西巡抚任上，与家乡钱塘遥隔千里，故自己是千里为客。这一句准确而生动地描绘了诗人的自身形象。客居他乡岁月之久，距离之远，心中愁绪不断。然而，“忧国忘家。计安宗社”的政治家于谦最后一句陡然振起“马蹄又上太行山”。诗人立马太行，雄视千里的英雄形象，感受到了他两鬃霜华却壮心不已，辗转千里却生命不衰的烈士情怀。
此诗以简淡的笔触，勾勒出西风落日的深秋，诗人孤身跋涉太行途中的心情。触景兴怀，孤鸟知还，顾盼自身，感从中来，不直写思想感情，也不刻意求工，而粗笔勾画，力求意态自然。它在写法上也颇具一格，看似景与情分写，其实一体连贯，承转自然，形成先抑后扬的感情波澜，读来别有一番顿挫之致。
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方泽《
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武昌阻风》
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曹操《
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苦寒行》
于谦简介
唐代·于谦的简介
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于谦（1398年5月13日－1457年2月16日），字廷益，号节庵，官至少保，世称于少保。汉族，明朝浙江承宣布政使司杭州钱塘县人。因参与平定汉王朱高煦谋反有功，得到明宣宗器重，担任明朝山西河南巡抚。明英宗时期，因得罪王振下狱，后释放，起为兵部侍郎。土木之变后英宗被俘，郕王朱祁钰监国，擢兵部尚书。于谦力排南迁之议，决策守京师，与诸大臣请郕王即位。瓦剌兵逼京师，督战，击退之。论功加封少保，总督军务，终迫也先遣使议和，使英宗得归。天顺元年因“谋逆”罪被冤杀。谥曰忠肃。有《于忠肃集》。于谦与岳飞、张煌言并称“西湖三杰”。
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