菊
[
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唐代]：罗隐
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篱落岁云暮，数枝聊自芳。
雪裁纤蕊密，金拆小苞香。
千载白衣酒，一生青女霜。
春丛莫轻薄，彼此有行藏。
菊译文及注释
译文
一年将近在篱笆边，几枝菊暂且开得欢。
白雪裁剪出细蕊密，金蕾开放香气连连。
千年曾为贫士之酒，一生都被霜雪摧残。
春日花丛不要轻薄，彼此行止都是天然。
注释
岁云暮：即岁暮。一年将近时。
纤蕊：纤细的花蕊。
白衣：犹布衣，古未仕者著白衣。
青女霜：青女，神话中霜雪之神。
轻薄：轻浮刻薄，不厚道。
行藏：谓出仕即行其所学之道，或者退隐藏道以待时机。后因以“行藏”指出处或行止。
菊创作背景
这首诗具体创作年代已无法考证，但据诗意可知作于秋日菊花盛放之时。作者生活在动乱迭起的晚唐时代，久受压抑，其所作之诗，多讽刺现实或官僚集团，这首诗即是借咏物而刺世之作。
参考资料：
1、吉林大学中文系．唐诗鉴赏大典（十二）：吉林大学出版社，2009：160-161
菊鉴赏
一年精近，本已是万木凋落，百花残尽之时，作者想不到篱笆旁边那枝枝菊花开放了，“几朵依稀散晚香”，这“数枝”花为冷漠的秋季增添了艳丽的色彩。这就是诗的开头两句所叙述的内容。作者接着描写道：这两句是说：白色的菊花像白雪剪裁而成，那密密的花蕊纤细柔软，金色的菊花，花蕾刚刚绽开，清香才流溢出来。作者抓住菊花的色彩，运用生动的语言，细腻地予以刻画。菊花，黄白相间，艳丽多姿，也算是大自然的宠儿。可是“千载白衣酒，一生青女霜”，它也是历尽了人间的沧桑。晋陶渊明不为五斗米折腰，挂印去后，以一介贫士的身份退隐田园，每日里种菊南山，酣歌纵酒，（尤爱菊花酒）虽酒债处处，但精神却得到了超脱。“千载”句便暗指此事。这两句诗表面上写菊花，实地里却是作者自身的慨叹。据史载，作者因恃才傲物，多所讥讽，以故为公卿所恶，曾十上不中。故其思想情绪借诗人表达出来。
这两句是说：春天的花草你没有必要因为开在春光里就沾沾自喜，似乎了不得，从而轻浮刻薄，其实呀，你开在春天，我作为菊花开在秋天，都是天定的，并不是自然厚爱你而薄待我，大家彼此都差不多。言外之意则是：“你们那些官运亨通的人不要瞧不起这个‘白衣’人。你们为官固然饭好，可是自古是‘伴君如伴虎’，每天你们难道不是‘战战惊惊，如临深渊，如履薄冰’吗？我作为一个‘白衣’，虽说手中没有生杀予夺之权，可是我生活得自由、坦然。可见，我们‘彼此有行藏’啊！”在警告春花不要自我狂妄而轻视白菊的同时，严肃地指出群花应各自尊重本来的生长规律和特定禀性。
此诗以轻巧从容见长，它吐语隽永有致，意蕴却深邃绵厚。
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蔡羽《
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毛督经浣亭官舍芍药》
罗隐简介
唐代·罗隐的简介
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罗隐（833-909），字昭谏，新城（今浙江富阳市新登镇）人，唐代诗人。生于公元833年（太和七年），大中十三年（公元859年）底至京师，应进士试，历七年不第。咸通八年（公元867年）乃自编其文为《谗书》，益为统治阶级所憎恶，所以罗衮赠诗说：“谗书虽胜一名休”。后来又断断续续考了几年，总共考了十多次，自称“十二三年就试期”，最终还是铩羽而归，史称“十上不第”。黄巢起义后，避乱隐居九华山，光启三年（公元887年），55岁时归乡依吴越王钱镠，历任钱塘令、司勋郎中、给事中等职。公元909年（五代后梁开平三年）去世，享年77岁。
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