金菊对芙蓉·上元
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清代]：纳兰性德
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金鸭消香，银虬泻水，谁家夜笛飞声。正上林雪霁，鸳甃晶莹。鱼龙舞罢香车杳，剩尊前、袖掩吴绫。狂游似梦，而今空记，密约烧灯。
追念往事难凭。叹火树星桥，回首飘零。但九逵烟月，依旧笼明。楚天一带惊烽火，问今宵、可照江城。小窗残酒，阑珊灯灺，别自关情。
金菊对芙蓉·上元译文及注释
译文
金鸭型的香炉飘香，计时用的银虬在不停地倾泄着流水（意即时间流逝），今夜是谁家的笛声飞泄而出？帝王之宫苑园囿中雪止而初晴，用鸳瓦砌成的井壁晶莹冰冷。鱼龙杂戏演出完毕后你（所思之人）所乘之车远去，只剩下樽前袖子掩住了（拭泪的）吴绫。看似痴狂的游玩如梦幻一般，而现在只记得与你秘密相约在元宵之夜的灯火下。
追忆怀念往事又苦于无所凭借。空是慨叹元宵日的灯事之景，回首自己内心只是飘零，情无所托。京城之通衢大道上，烟云缭绕，月色朦胧，灯笼所发出的光依旧明亮。而江南一带正有战事，而今晚那样的月色可否照在江城？小窗下酒降酌尽，灯火将尽，烛光微弱，这样的情景，（那样的往事）总是让人动情。
注释
①上元：上元节。我国古代以农历正月十五日为祭日，祀太一之神，唐宋时期以当天为上元节，其夜晚称元宵，又称元夕。《梦梁录·元宵》云：上元之夜，京城扎灯山，豪门贵族也“装点亭台，悬挂玉珊，异巧华灯，珠帘低下，笙歌并作。”
②金鸭二句：金鸭，铸为鸭形之铜香炉。古人多用以薰香或取暖。此处指薰香。毛熙震《小重山》：“红罗帐，金鸭冷沉烟。” 银蛇，银漏、虬箭。古代一种计时器，漏壶中有箭，水满而箭出，箭上有刻度，因以计时，又箭上刻有虬纹，故称。唐王勃《乾元殿颂序》：“蝉机撮化，铜浑将九圣齐悬：蛇箭司更，银漏与三辰合运。”
③上林雪霁：上林，上林苑，秦、汉时长安、洛阳等地之皇家宫苑，后泛指帝王之宫苑园囿。雪霁雪止而初晴。甃（zhòu）：砖砌的井壁。
④鱼龙二句：鱼龙舞，古杂戏。唐宋时京城于元宵节盛行此戏，亦称鱼龙杂戏，又称鱼龙百戏。梁元帝《纂要》云：“百戏起于秦汉，有鱼龙漫衍。……象人怪兽，舍利之戏”《汉书·西域传赞》：“作《巴俞》都卢、海中《砀极》、漫衍鱼龙、角抵之戏以观视之。”颜师古注：“漫衍者，即张衡《西京赋》所云‘巨兽百寻，是为漫延’者也。 鱼龙者，为舍利之兽，先戏于庭极，毕乃入殿前激水，化成比目鱼，跳跃漱水，作雾障日，毕，化成黄龙八丈，出水敖戏于庭，炫耀日光。《西京赋》云：‘海鳞变而成龙’，即为此色也。”柳永《破阵乐》：“绕金堤，曼衍鱼龙戏，簇娇春罗绮，喧天丝管。” 香车，谓女人所乘之车。 吴绫：指产于余杭(今杭州)一带的丝织品。
⑤烧灯：即燃灯。古诗词中专指元宵之夜的灯火。晏几道《生查子》：“心情慵剪彩，时节近烧灯。”
⑥火树星桥：形容元宵日，灯事之景。
⑦九逵烟月：谓京城之通衢大道上，烟云缭绕，月色朦胧。 九逵，京城之大道。 笼明，指月色微明。
⑧楚天句：谓江南一带正有战事。楚天，本指楚地的天空，后泛指南方的天空。
⑨阑珊灯灺(xie}：指灯火将尽，烛光微弱。灺，同“炧”，烧残的灯灰。
⑩关情：动情。张先《江南柳》：“令古柳桥多送别，见人分袂亦愁生，何况自关情。”
参考资料：
1、纳兰词评注．徐燕婷，朱慧果：上海三联书店，2014年1月
金菊对芙蓉·上元创作背景
从“楚天一带惊烽火”句看，此篇大概作于康熙二十年(1681)即三藩平定以前。这首词是抒写上元之日的感怀之作。
参考资料：
1、张秉戍 ．纳兰词笺注：北京出版社，2005-5-1
金菊对芙蓉·上元鉴赏
《金菊对芙蓉》，这个词牌华美而清妍。题副是“上元”，由词题看是咏节序。此类诗词是比较难写的，南宋的张炎曾慨叹：“昔人咏节序，不唯不多，付之歌喉者，类是率俗。”后有刘永济在《词论》中言：“咏节序风物之作‘贵能直写我目、我心此时、此际所得。’”容若这篇则是以咏节为蓄，实乃怀人之想，予景于情，清朗自然，婉转流深，情深意切。
上元佳节，本是团圆欢聚的日子，这更让敏感多情的容若黯然神伤。容若思念着见阳，那个可以互诉衷肠把酒言欢的兄长知己，正身处战火纷飞之中。战地太过凶险，随时将有性命之忧，所以，他那细腻盛烈的心意中之深深牵念如何做的到独善其身呢？纵使再多书信，再多诗词，亦消融不了那一刻他心头凝结的悲凉愁绪。那，便是感人千古的义重如山啊。
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李持正《
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明月逐人来》
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李商隐《
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正月十五夜闻京有灯，恨不得观》
纳兰性德简介
唐代·纳兰性德的简介
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纳兰性德（1655－1685），满洲人，字容若，号楞伽山人，清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉，在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期，其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王，却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景，加之个人的超逸才华，使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇？等闲变却故人心，却道故人心易变。”富于意境，是其众多代表作之一。
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唐代：
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孟浩然
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犯霜驱晓驾，数里见唐城。旅馆归心逼，荒村客思盈。
访人留后信，策蹇赴前程。欲识离魂断，长空听雁声。