菩萨蛮·玉炉冰簟鸳鸯锦
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唐代]：牛峤
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玉炉冰簟鸳鸯锦，粉融香汗流山枕。帘外辘轳声，敛眉含笑惊。
柳阴轻漠漠，低鬓蝉钗落。须作一生拚，尽君今日欢。
菩萨蛮·玉炉冰簟鸳鸯锦译文及注释
译文
华贵的香炉旁，清凉的竹席上，鸳鸯锦被下盖着一对情侣，像并枝的连理同眠共枕，脂粉和着香汗在枕上流淌。窗外响起辘轳的声音，惊醒了温柔乡里的春梦一场，微整的眉间有几分惊怨，含笑的相视里羞见晨光。
浓浓的柳荫里，淡淡的晨雾迷迷茫茫，残乱的缕缕鬓发，好似青云飞掠过脸庞。蝉钗已簪不住飞乱的流云，三三两两地散落在枕上。她定是拼了一生的激情，才搏得郎君一宵欢畅。
注释
菩萨蛮：原为唐教坊曲名，《宋史·乐志》、《尊前集》、《金奁集》并入“中吕宫”，《张子野词》作“中吕调”。其调原出外来舞曲，输入在唐宣宗大中元年（847）以后。但开元时人崔令钦所著《教坊记》中已有此曲名，为词调中之最古者，属小令，共四十四字，以五七言组成；通篇两句一韵，凡四易韵，前后片各两仄韵，两平韵，平仄递转。
玉炉：香炉的美称，一作“玉楼”。冰簟：竹凉席。鸳鸯锦：织有鸳鸯图案的锦被。
山枕：指两端突起似山的凹形枕头。
辘轳：井上汲水所用滑车的声音。
漠漠：弥漫的样子。
蝉钗：蝉形的金钗。
一生拚：舍弃一生。拚，舍弃，不顾惜，一作“拌”。
参考资料：
1、陈如江 ．花间词 ：浙江教育出版社 ，2007 ：99-100 ．
2、钱国莲 等 ．花间词全集 ：当代世界出版社 ，2002 ：85 ．
3、房开江 崔黎民 ．花间集全译 ：贵州人民出版社 ，1990 ：257-258 ．
4、唐圭璋 等 ．唐宋词鉴赏辞典（南宋·辽·金） ：上海辞书出版社 ，1988 ：2637 ．
菩萨蛮·玉炉冰簟鸳鸯锦鉴赏
此词写艳情。它以秾丽的语言描绘艳情，没有丝毫的隐晦，冶雅俗于一炉可谓极小词之能事。这一点，也可算是牛峤自己的风格。
词中以男女幽会为主要内容，侧重写幽欢过程中的情景和女主人公的心理状态，词风大胆泼辣，淋漓尽致。首句写室内陈设的华丽：玉炉，状香炉之华贵；冰簟，状竹席之晶莹凉爽；鸳鸯锦，状锦被之华美。此词通过首句景物的描写，为一对GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>情人的幽会安排了特定的环境，而且第二句紧接着写幽会，词意径露，不避浅宿，在《花间集》中也是罕见的。然而写欢情也只是到此为止，词人在笔下还是注意分寸的。一下二句。他便宕开一笔写外在因素的侵扰和女主人公细微的心理变化。当他们欢情正恰时，帘外传来一阵辘轳声，划破了长夜的宁静，报道了拂晓的来临。这好像一块石头投入平静的池塘里，立即引起强烈的反应。“敛眉含笑惊”，就是辘轳声在女主人在感情上激起的波纹。“敛眉含笑”，正尔欢浓，早汲水声传，顿惊晓色，所谓“欢娱嫌夜短”也。简单五个字，概括了女主人公刹那间复杂的感情变化，用笔何其精炼而准确。
换头一句，从室内写到室外，化浓艳为疏淡。细玩此篇词意，“柳阴轻漠漠”一句并非写一对恋人在柳荫下相会。盖由夜至晓，初日斜照，窗外的杨柳已投下一片阴影。柳阴非但表现了时间的转移，且与起句的“冰簟”相呼应，说明季节已届夏天。何以得知并非写柳荫相会，下面一句可以为证。“低鬓蝉钗落”，语本李商隐《偶题二首》之一：“水文簟上琥珀枕，傍有堕钗双翠翘。”可见仍写枕边情事。
由于下阕仍写室内，故结尾二句便有了着落。一般小词均以景语作结，给读者留下想象余地，此词却以情语取胜。其实如果从严要求的话，这两句不免过于狎昵，作艳语者无以复加，却能备受前人称道，主要是因为它大胆地描写了女子感情生活的热烈追求，直抒胸臆，毫无掩饰，也毫无假借，更没有其他小词中那种欲吐还吝、扭捏作态样子。用今天的话来讲，它还打破了几千年来温柔敦厚的诗教，表现了女主人公爱好个性自由、反抗封建礼教的精神。一句话，它塑造一个生活中真实、人性未被扭曲的人，一个有血有肉、有性格特点的人。就词风而言，则于婉约中具豪放之笔，在唐五代词中极为少见。
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毛泽东《
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七律·长征》
牛峤简介
唐代·牛峤的简介
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牛峤，字松卿（约公元890年前后在世），一字延峰，陇西人。生卒年均不详，约唐昭宗大顺初前后在世。乾符五年（公元878年）进士及第。历官拾遗，补尚书郎，后人又称“牛给事”。以词著名，词格类温庭筠。原有歌诗集三卷，今存词三十三首，（见《花间集》）诗六首。
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