上元夜六首·其一
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唐代]:崔液
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谁家见月能闲坐?何处闻灯不看来?
上元夜六首·其一译文及注释
译文
玉漏和银壶你们暂且停下不要催了,宫禁的城门和上面的金锁直到天亮也开着。
谁家看到明月还能坐着什么都不做呢?哪里的人听说有花灯会不过来看呢?
注释
①上元:节日名,即农历正月十五元宵节。
②玉漏、银壶、铁关、金锁:都是美称,并非真正全由玉、银、铁、金做成,应理解为“像……一样的……”
③漏,壶:古代计时的器具,古人向铜壶里灌水,壶底打通一小孔,壶中立刻度箭,壶中的水逐渐减少,箭上的度数就依次显露出来,然后根据刻度计时,是为漏刻之法。
④铁关:宫禁的城门,唐朝宫禁森严,平时入夜即管关,天亮开放。
⑤彻:通,直到。
参考资料:
1、古诗文网经典传承志愿小组.方相氏译注,作者邮箱:1572076419@qq.com
上元夜六首·其一鉴赏
上元夜,指旧历正月十五夜,又称元宵节。我国素有元宵赏灯的风俗。崔液组诗《上元夜》七绝,共六首。描写当时京城长安元宵赏灯的繁华景象。据刘肃《大唐新语》记载:“神龙(唐中宗年号,公元705—707年)之际,京城正月望日(即十五),盛饰灯影之会,金吾弛禁,特许夜行。贵族戚属及下隶工贾,无不夜游。车马喧阗,人不得顾。王、主之家,马上作乐,以相竞夸。文士皆赋诗一章,以记其事。作者数百人,唯中书侍郎苏味道、吏部员外郎郭利贞(苏、郭之作皆五律)、殿中侍御史崔液为绝唱。”这是崔液所作赏灯诗六首中的第一首。
“玉漏银壶且莫催,铁关金锁彻明开。”“玉漏银壶”,计时的器具,古代以漏刻之法计时,具体方法是用铜壶盛水,壶底打通一小孔,壶中立刻度箭,壶中的水逐渐减少,箭上的度数就依次显露,就可按度计时,击鼓报更。元宵夜尽管解除了宵禁,但长安城的钟鼓楼上,仍旧按时报更;人们听了,都嫌时间过得太快,怕不能玩得尽兴,于是说:滴漏箭壶,你不要这样一声比一声紧地催促呀,也不要过得那么快,今夜的城门要一直开到天亮呢!上句写出了人们“欢娱苦日短”的感慨,下句是说在此太平盛世,应该通宵尽兴。吃过晚饭,打扮一新的人们,按捺不住心中的喜悦,迫不及待地早早走出家门,三五成群相邀着、呼唤着、嬉笑着,涌出巷口,融入大街,汇进似潮喧闹欢腾的人流。人们兴高采烈地燃放烟花爆竹,挥舞狮子龙灯,观赏绚丽多彩的灯火,评论着、嬉戏着、赞叹着。越看越高兴,越玩越兴奋,“莫相催”衬托出气氛之热烈,景色之迷人、“彻明开”既写出了元宵节通宵达旦闹花灯时间和程度,又写出了人们高涨而持续的勃勃兴致。
后面接着连用两个问句:“谁家见月能闲坐?何处闻灯不看来?”“谁家”、“何处”,实际是指家家、人人说明万巷皆空的盛况。这包括了上至王侯将相,下至平民百姓形形色色的各类人。因而,“谁家”“何处”这四字包涵的内容实在太多,它把人声鼎沸、车如流水马如龙,灯火闪烁,繁华似锦的京城元宵夜景一语道尽。连用两个诘句,不仅将盛景迷人,令人不得不往的意思表达得灵活传神,而且给人以无限回味的余地,言有尽而意无穷。
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苏味道《
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正月十五夜》
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下一首:
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柳永《
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玉楼春·皇都今夕知何夕》
崔液简介
唐代·崔液的简介
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崔液,定州安喜(今河北定县)人。字润甫,乳名海子。生年不详,约卒于唐玄宗先天二年(713)。唐代状元。及第时间无考。约在先天元年(712)以前某年。
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