凭栏人
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元代]：乔吉
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瘦马驮诗天一涯，倦鸟呼愁村数家。扑头飞柳花，与人添鬓华。
凭栏人译文及注释
译文
瘦弱的马驮着我满腹的诗情奔走天涯，飞倦了的乌儿哀鸣着，小山村里只有几户人家。柳絮扑打着我的头，给我增添了白发。
注释
凭阑人：曲牌名，调名本意即咏楼上身倚栏杆的人。调见元邵亨贞《蚁术词选》。单调二十四字，四句四平韵。
金陵：即今江苏南京市。
天一涯：天一方。
鬓华：鬓发花白。
凭栏人创作背景
“曲从肺腑出，出辄愁肺腑。”乔吉的这首《凭阑人·金陵道中》正是如此。作者在穷游天涯之后，路过金陵古道，再涌思乡念头，忍不住写下了这曲《凭阑人》。
参考资料：
1、斗南．人一生要读的古典诗词．北京：北京联合出版公司，2015：547
凭栏人鉴赏
前两句写瘦马驮诗的悲苦以及人不如鸟的羁旅情怀。“瘦马驮诗天一涯，倦鸟呼愁村数家。”这是一首羁旅之曲，开头引李贺典，李贺年少多才，郁都不得志，只得将短暂的一生心血付予苦吟。“平生湖海少知音，几曲宫商大用心”的乔吉以李贺自况，不是偶然的。所以，只“瘦马驮诗”四字就足以想见其悲苦了，何况此刻又在远离故土的旅途之中。而且那“古道西风瘦马，夕阳西下，断肠人在天涯”的景象，早就深深地印在人们心中。可以说这开头的七个字，已将特定的身世、具体的处境，全都包容了。第二句与上句相对，作者通过“倦”“愁”二字。移情入景，巧妙地抒发了人不如鸟的羁旅愁怀。晋陶渊明《归去来兮辞》有“鸟倦飞而知还”一句，可视为此曲之典所出。再说，不管此鸟是不是归鸟，在浪子心目中，依然可能把它视为一只归鸟。所以倦鸟之愁，无疑代表了浪子之愁，这是一种间接抒情的手法。
后两句言匆匆春去，岁月蹉跎，游子恋乡，身世凄凉。“扑头飞柳花，与人添鬓华。”远方浪子进而看到不远处的人家，这必定更勾起了他“吾乡似此乡，此乡非吾乡”的羁旅思乡之怀。至此作者已百感交集，不料更有那不懂事的柳花，竟然飞上作者的头发，使得头上的白发显得更多了。此处不直言头发之白，而借柳絮言之，可谓妙笔。作者白发从何而来，当然是羁旅之挫和思乡之念所致。全曲从瘦马入笔，至柳絮收笔，不直接写人，而已将人的羁旅之愁写得入木三分，刻骨铭心。
此曲在结构方面也有其特点。它以三个主要自然意象作线，每个自然意象引出一系列人文意象，这样贯穿起来，构成全文的网络。这三个自然意象是瘦马、倦鸟、柳花。它们依次引出相关人文意象：瘦马引出的意象有诗、天涯；倦鸟引出的意象有愁、村；柳花引出的意象有人、鬓华。这种结构方式可以实现意象自然舒展、材料形散实聚、结构简明有序的艺术效果。
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晁补之《
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迷神引·贬玉溪对江山作》
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高适《
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登陇》
乔吉简介
唐代·乔吉的简介
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乔吉(1280?～1345) 元代杂剧家、散曲作家。一称乔吉甫，字梦符，号笙鹤翁，又号惺惺道人。太原人，流寓杭州。钟嗣成在《录鬼簿》中说他“美姿容，善词章，以威严自饬，人敬畏之”，又作吊词云：“平生湖海少知音，几曲宫商大用心。百年光景还争甚？空赢得，雪鬓侵，跨仙禽，路绕云深。”从中大略可见他的为人。剧作存目十一，有《杜牧之诗酒扬州梦》、《李太白匹配金钱记》、《玉箫女两世姻缘》三种传世。
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