秋雁
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元代]：揭傒斯
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寒向江南暖，饥向江南饱。
莫道江南恶，须道江南好。
秋雁鉴赏
此诗寓意深微邃却含而不露。元朝统治者奉行种族歧视政策，以蒙古、色目人为上等人，以汉人、南人为下等人。蒙古、色目人到江南之地也凌驾于南人之上作威作福。他们靠江南的条件富有了，却仍辱骂江南人不绝。诗人心中不平，故作此诗以讥之。
揭傒斯的五言短古，在很大程度上体现了宋元以来“重逸轻俗”的审美倾向。如《寒夜》：“疏星冻霜空，流月湿林薄。虚馆人不眠，时闻一叶落。”《题风烟雪月四梅图》之二：“高花开几点，澹霭拂成衣。遥瞻应不见，相对尚依稀。”《洞庭秋月》：“灏气自澄穆，碧波还荡漾。应有凌风人，吹笛君山上。”《平沙落雁》：“天寒关塞远，水落洲渚阔。已逐夕阳低，还向黄芦没。”《烟寺晚钟》：“朝送山僧去，暮唤山僧归。相唤复相送，山露湿人衣。”这些诗作是承续王维、孟浩然、韦应物、刘长卿一系的诗风而又加以发展的。其境界高逸，远离尘俗，表达了一种宋元以来的士大夫情调。其中《寒夜》最让人回味，小诗以寥寥二十字的白描，传神地绘出一幅清夜客旅图。一、二句状写户外的景色，以凝冻在布满霜气的夜空中的疏星、沾湿了草木的月的流光（“林薄”，谓草木丛生），制造出一种清旷冷寂的氛围。三句转入客舍，在“虚馆”的典型环境中，“人不眠”的主体便格外突出。最精彩的是末句的五字。“一叶落”的声音是够细微的了，馆中人却能清晰的辨闻，足见夜间的寂静；而一个“时”（时时、时而之意）字，更将漫漫长夜中不眠人的警醒，表现得淋漓尽致。这一句不仅沟通了馆内外的联系，而且传达出诗人在长捱客栈中愁苦的心绪，可谓是神来之笔。
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柳永《
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临江仙引·画舸》
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李贺《
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开愁歌》
揭傒斯简介
唐代·揭傒斯的简介
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揭傒斯（1274～1344）元代著名文学家、书法家、史学家。字曼硕，号贞文，龙兴富州（今江西丰城杜市镇大屋场）人。家贫力学，大德年间出游湘汉。延佑初年由布衣荐授翰林国史院编修官，迁应奉翰林文字，前后三入翰林，官奎章阁授经郎、迁翰林待制，拜集贤学士，翰林侍讲学士阶中奉大夫，封豫章郡公，修辽、金、宋三史，为总裁官。《辽史》成，得寒疾卒于史馆，谥文安，著有《文安集》，为文简洁严整，为诗清婉丽密。善楷书、行、草，朝廷典册，多出其手。与虞集、杨载、范梈同为“元诗四大家”之一，又与虞集、柳贯、黄溍并称“儒林四杰。”
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