浣溪沙·霜落千林木叶丹
[
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 93
清代]：王国维
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 116
霜落千林木叶丹。远山如在有无间。经秋何事亦孱颜。
且向田家拚泥饮，聊从卜肆憩征鞍。只应游戏在尘寰。
浣溪沙·霜落千林木叶丹译文及注释
译文
秋季里，枫叶全部变成丹红的颜色，树林之后隐约地露出青山的轮廓，这轮廓非常轻柔，似有似无。看过了这秋日的风光，还会认为何处有美景？
我推辞了农家热情的挽留，走到了占卜的小店里稍作休息。算了，烦心的事都不在提起，还是珍惜年华、游戏人间吧！
注释
1、千林：大量树林。千，泛指多数。
2、木叶丹：指在秋季变红的树叶。木叶，树叶。
3、何事：为什么。
4、孱（chán）颜：形容山的高峻不齐的样子。
5、拚（pàn）：不顾一切的干。
6、泥饮（nì yǐn）：强留饮酒。此处亦有久饮、痛饮之意。
7、卜肆（sì）：卖卜的铺子。
8、憩（qì）征鞍：旅途中休息。征鞍：旅行时骑乘的马匹。
9、游戏在尘寰（huán）：游戏人间，有玩世不恭意。尘寰：指人世间。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹．王国维词新释辑评：中国书店，2006：16-19
2、王国维．一生最爱人间词 为伊消得人憔悴．天津市：天津教育出版社，2012：12-13
浣溪沙·霜落千林木叶丹鉴赏
这是一首羁旅悲秋的词，上片写途中景色，下片写自家心情。口气略带自嘲自讽，但实际上感情是严肃的，态度是认真的。
“霜落千林木叶丹。远山如在有无间”与《浣溪沙·路转峰回出画塘》的“一山枫叶背斜阳”相似，都是写秋日远山红叶的美丽景色。只不过“霜落千林”比“一山枫叶”显得更为寒冷萧飒一些。“经秋何事亦孱颜”的“经秋”，说明此时已不是初秋而到了暮秋时候；“孱颜”，通“巉岩”，就是险峻的山岩，而险峻的山岩一般都是陡峭嶙峋，缺乏秀润的。暮秋霜降的时候，山上的树叶都凋落了，那一山红叶的的美丽景色也随之消失，山变得瘦骨嶙峋，一点儿也没有以前那种秀润丰满或隐约朦胧的样子了。句中的“亦”字，说明“孱颜”所形容的不止是山而还包括了其他东西，比如说——旅途中那个孤独憔悴的人。
因此，接下来的“且向田家拚泥饮，聊从卜肆憩征鞍”就说到游子了。这两句，虽然只是写游子在旅途中的消遣，但他的用词和口吻很容易令人想到一些历史的“出处”。首先，到田家去喝酒而且是“泥饮”，正如杜甫的《遭田父泥饮美严中丞》。杜甫是一个渴望“致君尧舜上，再使风俗淳”的人，可是当他数落蜀中的时候，也曾结交了一些“田夫野老”的朋友，所谓“纵酒啸咏，与田夫野老相狎荡”（《旧唐书·文苑传》）。田夫野老也许没有文化，不会吟诗，但他们质朴坦荡，待人热诚，不似官场的虚伪冷淡。对于做客他乡寄人篱下的游子来说，这种质朴的友情是弥足珍贵的。所以“且向田家拚泥饮”就不仅仅是到老乡家喝酒，同时还令人想到羁旅游子对质朴坦荡友情与安慰之寻求和向往。其次，卜肆是卖卦问卜的地方，常常出现在屈原的作品之中。在《离骚》中，屈原请灵氛和巫咸为他占卜前途，那两位一个劝他去国远逝，一个劝他慢慢等待，但这都不是屈原所能接受的。屈原已经下了“虽九死其犹未悔”的决心，他的问卜，其实不是真的因为拿不定主意才去向卜者请教，而是一种对天道不公的困惑和怨愤。人在悲愤之极的时候便是要呼天，然而，“傥所谓天道，是邪？非邪？”（司马迁《伯夷列传》语）同样，当古人提到问卜的时候，其实也不一定是真的想要去算卦，有时候就暗含这种对天意的质问和责难。
这两句说话的口吻，体现出文后的深意。到田家去豪饮一番本来是很快乐的事，却用了“泥饮”，而且还是“拚”泥饮。使用了“拚”表达出要豁出去一醉方休，却又用了“且向”二字作为转折。表达出了一种很曲折很复杂的情绪，这种情绪总是指向的就是“不得已”和“无可奈何”。寻求友谊是快乐的，理想失落是悲哀的。对作者来说，寻求友谊的快乐并不能抵消理想失落的悲哀。“聊从卜肆憩征鞍”的“聊”，也有“姑且”或“无可无不可”的意思。看到路旁有个卜肆，就无可无不可地下马向那里走过去，不是虔诚地去求卜问卦，也许只是以算卦为借口到那个地方歇歇脚而已。这两句的口气互相呼应，引人联想。
结尾一句“只应游戏在尘寰”，古来有很多人说过类似的话，如张元干《八声甘州》的“何妨游戏，莫问栖迟”；吕渭老《水调歌头》的“偶逢游戏到人间”；刘克庄《贺新郎》的“且伴我，人间游戏”，那都是表现一种“玩世不恭”的姿态。但王国维对人生的态度是严肃的，并不是一个玩世不恭的人。他生逢民族灾难接连不断的清王朝末世，又由于身负养家糊口的重担而不得不长年累月的奔走四方羁旅他乡，但是他有理想，有热肠，而且异常执着，不肯放弃。当他说“只应游戏在尘寰”时，已绝不是单纯的自我安慰与排解，而是凝聚着内心深处对当时那个时代的全部困惑和悲愤。
Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 169
Warning: Use of undefined constant islast - assumed 'islast' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 296
Warning: Use of undefined constant tbname - assumed 'tbname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 305
Warning: Use of undefined constant modid - assumed 'modid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 306
Warning: Use of undefined constant yhid - assumed 'yhid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 307
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
上一首：
Warning: Use of undefined constant writer - assumed 'writer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 178
姜夔《
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 178
忆王孙·番阳彭氏小楼作》
Warning: Use of undefined constant id - assumed 'id' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 193
Warning: Use of undefined constant islast - assumed 'islast' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 296
Warning: Use of undefined constant tbname - assumed 'tbname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 305
Warning: Use of undefined constant modid - assumed 'modid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 306
Warning: Use of undefined constant yhid - assumed 'yhid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 307
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/t_functions.php on line 673
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant wburl - assumed 'wburl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2424
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant listdt - assumed 'listdt' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2429
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant classurl - assumed 'classurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2434
Warning: Use of undefined constant newsurl - assumed 'newsurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classpath - assumed 'classpath' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2440
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2442
Warning: Use of undefined constant classid - assumed 'classid' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
Warning: Use of undefined constant bname - assumed 'bname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/class/connect.php on line 2445
下一首：
Warning: Use of undefined constant writer - assumed 'writer' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 202
刘禹锡《
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 202
秋风引》
王国维简介
唐代·王国维的简介
Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 222
Warning: Use of undefined constant titleurl - assumed 'titleurl' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 223
Warning: Use of undefined constant titlepic - assumed 'titlepic' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 223
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 223
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 228
王国维（1877年—1927年），字伯隅、静安，号观堂、永观，汉族，浙江海宁盐官镇人。清末秀才。我国近现代在文学、美学、史学、哲学、古文字学、考古学等各方面成就卓著的学术巨子，国学大师。
猜你喜欢
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
西溪夜泛 其一
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
明代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
孙传庭
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
浮舟欢赏画楼西，烟树微茫夜欲迷。辟暑堪同河朔饮，游仙漫问武陵溪。
涧泉响逐歌声远，山月光随舞袖低。既醉难倾今夕意，笑余潦倒有新题。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
旱
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
清代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
孙元衡
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
闽人虚畏甲申雨，海客真愁己卯风。千里霞光当日暮，一痕虹影在天东。
尧忧不离耕桑事，禹贡难忘战伐功。绠短汲深增百虑，那因妻子念途穷。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
冰道
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
聂绀弩
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
冰道银河似耶非？魂存瀑死梦依稀。
一痕界破千山雪，匹练能裁几件衣。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
寄远曲二首 其一
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
明代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
宗臣
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
秦塞君校笔，章台妾倚栏。雁书何寂寞，龙剑有艰难。
烽燧春华暮，琵琶晓泪寒。自知容色落，不忍对花看。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
芦墟晓发
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
金天羽
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
一夕芦中宿，淩寒起榜人。荒鸡断客梦，高雁唳霜晨。
碧糯长腰熟，红菱刺角新。停舟傍樵爨，三塔酒犹醇。
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 277
送王给事中贤归山东
Warning: Use of undefined constant tname - assumed 'tname' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 280
明代：
Warning: Use of undefined constant title - assumed 'title' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 281
曹义
Warning: Use of undefined constant smalltext - assumed 'smalltext' (this will throw an Error in a future version of PHP) in /www/wwwroot/invt-hz.com/e/data/tmp/dt_temptext10.php on line 299
几年簪笔侍彤闱，此日承恩衣锦归。北阙辞时清漏彻，东蒙望处白云飞。
秋晴驿路砧声远，露冷关河树影稀。悬想焚黄先垄日，森森宰木倍生辉。