崇义里滞雨
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唐代]：李贺
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落莫谁家子，来感长安秋。
壮年抱羁恨，梦泣生白头。
瘦马秣败草，雨沫飘寒沟。
南宫古帘暗，湿景传签筹。
家山远千里，云脚天东头。
忧眠枕剑匣，客帐梦封侯。
崇义里滞雨译文及注释
译文
是谁家男儿流落在京城，无依无靠，独对寂寞的寒秋？
青壮之年长抱着羁恨，梦中悲泣，只换得白发满头。
像一匹干瘦的马，以败草为食，冷雨萧萧，水沫漂浮在寒沟。
贡院的旧帘遥看黯然，透过雨幕，听得见更声幽幽。
家山啊，远隔在千里之外，在那天边，那云脚的东头。
满怀忧愁，枕着剑匣入眠，封侯之愿，也许这梦中得酬。
注释
崇义里：长安街坊名。宋敏求《长安志》：“朱雀街第二街，有九坊，崇义里其一。”
落莫：落魄潦倒。
秣（mò）：饲养。
南宫：尚书省，此诗专指尚书省中主管官员选授的吏部。崇义里离尚书省很远，无法目及，此乃隐喻有司昏庸。
湿景：雨影。签筹：古代报时用的竹筹。这句意谓只听到敲更声从雨影中传来。
天东头：长吉家在洛阳福昌县，在长安之东。
客帐：他乡的住处。这里指崇义里。封侯：投笔从戎，立功以封侯，《后汉书·班超传》：“大丈夫无他志略，犹当效傅介子、张骞，立功异域，以取封侯。”
参考资料：
1、吴企明 编选．李贺集．南京：凤凰出版社，2014：107-108
2、滕学钦．李贺诗歌全集简疏 今译：中国书店，2010：156
崇义里滞雨创作背景
崇义里是诗人李贺在长安任奉礼郎时的居处，此诗作于元和四年（809）秋，当是诗人在长安任职时写成的。诗人来长安应试在元和二年冬，三年春，“应试不售”后立即返回昌谷，不可能客馆滞雨怀忧，来感受长安的秋意。
参考资料：
1、吴企明．李贺集：凤凰出版社，2007：102
崇义里滞雨鉴赏
诗人李贺抱着满腔热忱来到长安，冀望通过“荫子得官”的途径，求得一官半职，实现其济民报国的人生抱负。而现实生活对他的回报却是无情的，奉礼郎官职卑微，受尽皇亲国戚、达官贵人的冷遇和排挤，怀才不遇、壮志难酬的感愤，时时袭来心头。在萧瑟寒冷的秋雨中，他滞留馆舍，触景生情，凭借诗句抒发郁结于心头的忧愤。诗的首句用“谁家子”唱发，“仿佛自问，极愤郁之致”（叶葱奇《李贺诗集注》）。诗人来到长安，感受到秋意的萧瑟，更感受到“落莫”与“牢落”，壮年怀着羁居他乡的怨恨，梦见自己白发满头，暗自悲泣。“瘦马”以下四句，从直接抒情转入即景描写，诗人所骑的瘦马，喂饲劣等草料，雨沫飘零在寒沟里；遥望南宫，古帘下一片昏暗，只听到更筹声从雨中传来。笔触细致的景物描写，紧紧扣住“滞雨”的题意行笔，既能表现诗人贫困、飘零的景况，又能暗喻吏部官员的昏庸，着墨不多，而意境融沏。最后四句，诗人驰骋想象，一会儿想归回故乡。家乡远在千里之外的白云脚下，一会儿又想到投笔从戎，立功封侯。诗人不甘心沉沦下僚，不满于现状，亟想摆脱困境，徘徊于进退、穷通之间。
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孔平仲《
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霁夜》
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蒋捷《
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声声慢·秋声》
李贺简介
唐代·李贺的简介
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李贺（约公元791年-约817年），字长吉，汉族，唐代河南福昌（今河南洛阳宜阳县）人，家居福昌昌谷，后世称李昌谷，是唐宗室郑王李亮后裔。有“诗鬼”之称，是与“诗圣”杜甫、“诗仙”李白、“诗佛”王维相齐名的唐代著名诗人。著有《昌谷集》。李贺是中唐的浪漫主义诗人，与李白、李商隐称为唐代三李。有“‘太白仙才，长吉鬼才’之说。李贺是继屈原、李白之后，中国文学史上又一位颇享盛誉的浪漫主义诗人。李贺长期的抑郁感伤，焦思苦吟的生活方式，元和八年（813年）因病辞去奉礼郎回昌谷，27岁英年早逝。
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暮叩禅门僧落落，早行江北路漫漫。草根已茁灵坤暖，霜雪犹铺旷野寒。
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