少年游·玉肌铅粉傲秋霜
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宋代]：苏轼
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黄之侨人郭氏，每岁正月迎紫姑神。以箕为腹，箸为口，画灰盘中，为诗敏捷，立成。余往观之，神请余作《少年游》，乃以此戏之。
玉肌铅粉傲秋霜。准拟凤呼凰。伶伦不见，清香未吐，且糠秕吹扬。
到处成双君独只，空无数，烂文章。一点香檀，谁能借箸，无复似张良。
少年游·玉肌铅粉傲秋霜译文及注释
译文
黄州侨居人郭遘，在每年的正月都会迎请紫姑神。用簸箕作紫姑神身躯，用一只筷子代替口说话。在灰盘中写字、作诗。这样作诗很快，一会就写成了。苏轼前去观看，迎请紫姑神过后，作《少年游》戏讽这件事。
肌体被打扮得像玉铅粉一样白，可以与秋霜相比。准确地模拟凤呼唤凰的声音。乐官伶伦的律谱中看不到，向善男信女索取香钱的“清香”也传不开名声，都是如米皮、谷壳似的散发着。
筷子到处都是成双的，但紫姑神写字、说话、作诗只用一根筷子，空空洞洞没有什么内容尽是文字游戏。紫姑神一张小口插上如香檀的箸，谁能凭借箸为筹以献策，没有第二个像张良那样的人。
注释
少年游，词牌名，始见于晏殊《珠玉词》。又名《少年游令》、《小阑干》、《玉腊梅枝》，因词有‘长似少年时’句，取以为名。
侨人郭氏：郭遘（gòu），字兴宗。山西汾阳人。侨居黄州，称为“侨人”。
紫姑神：亦名子姑、坑三姑娘，传说中的厕神名。相传为寿阳李景之妾，为景妻所妒，常役以秽事，于正月十五日含恨而死。世人以其日作其形，夜于厕间或猪栏边迎之。自南朝以来就有迎紫姑神问休咎（吉凶、善恶）之俗。
傲：抗衡。
准拟：逼真模仿。
清香：一种民间宗教的名称。吐：开，传开。
糠秕（kāng bǐ）：在打谷或加工过程中从种子上分离出来的皮或壳。
无复：没有第二个。张良：字子房，汉初大臣。安徽毫县人。楚汉战争期间，借紫姑神的箸为筹，提出不立六国后代，联结英布、彭越，重用韩信，追击项羽，歼灭楚军的策略，都为刘邦所采纳。汉朝建立，封为留侯。
参考资料：
1、苏轼著，唐玲玲注释．增订注释苏轼词．北京：文化艺术出版社，1999.01：218
2、朱靖华、饶学刚、王文龙、饶晓明．苏轼词新释辑评．北京：中国书店出版社，2007年1月：594-596
少年游·玉肌铅粉傲秋霜创作背景
宋神宗元丰四年（1081年）元月，苏轼观看了黄州侨居人郭遘迎请紫姑神的过程，作该词戏讽郭遘迎请紫姑神，希望人们能改变旧的风俗习惯。
参考资料：
1、朱靖华、饶学刚、王文龙、饶晓明．苏轼词新释辑评．北京：中国书店出版社，2007年1月：594-596
少年游·玉肌铅粉傲秋霜鉴赏
上片，运用神话传说，戏弄、嘲笑紫姑神。“玉肌铅粉傲秋霜，准拟凤呼凰”，画出了紫姑神“玉肌铅粉”的“箕”体和以“凤呼凰”的“箸”音等的神相。“伶伦不见，清音未吐，且糠批吹音，黄帝乐官的音律中看不到，以“清香”作引诱向善男信女索取香钱这一举动也传开不去，全都属于米皮、谷壳一类的糠秕，四处吹嘘飘扬。紫姑神虽命贱位卑，受到祭祀，但苏轼还是向世人指明紫姑神只不过是位“金玉其外，败絮其中”的愚弄百姓的“坑三姑娘”。“糠秕吹扬”四字，一针见血，入木三分。
下片，以历史为镜，进一步揭示紫姑神虚无本质的意义。“到处成双君独只，空无处，烂文章”，从“箕”、“箸”之相貌不同凡人入手，将民间“岁正月必衣服箕箒”以祭的“子姑”还以本来面目：诗才敏捷，实为满腹“烂文章”，原是一具愚弄百姓的稻草人。“烂文章”三字，画龙点睛，妙不可言。“一点香檀，谁能借箸，无复似张良”，笔锋又一反转。苏轼以历史唯物论指出神话传说也曾被积极利用。即使是紫姑神香檀般的小箸，也可以为现世生活之鉴。谁能借箸代筹以指点江山，只有汉臣张良，别无他人。
全词，以神话与民俗、历史与现实、正反与反正相结合的手法，写了一位“言如响，善赋诗”而又不幸、善变的“紫姑神”。“苏轼以历史学的态度，引神用典，以为警世之治、移风易俗之用。表面戏弄，实富深邃之哲理，值得借鉴。
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李商隐《
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重过圣女祠》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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