金陵怀古
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唐代]：许浑
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松楸远近千官冢，禾黍高低六代宫。
石燕拂云晴亦雨，江豚吹浪夜还风。
金陵怀古译文及注释
译文
靡靡之音《玉树后庭花》，和陈王朝的国运一同告终；景阳宫中隋兵聚会，边塞的瞭望楼已然空空。
墓地上远远近近的松树楸树，掩蔽着历代无数官吏的坟冢；高高矮矮的绿色庄稼，长满了六朝残败的宫廷。
石燕展翅拂动着云霓，一会儿阴雨，一会儿天晴；江豚在大江中推波逐浪，夜深深又刮起一阵冷风。
历代的帝王一去不复返了，豪华的帝王生活也无踪无影；惟有那些环绕在四周的青山，仍然和当年的景物相同。
注释
金陵：古邑名。战国楚威王七年（前333）灭越后设置。在今南京市清凉山。
玉树：指陈后主所制的乐曲《玉树后庭花》。歌残：歌声将尽。残，一作“愁”，又作“翻”。王气：指王朝的气运。
景阳：南朝宫名。齐武帝置钟于楼上，宫人闻钟早起妆饰。兵合：兵马会集。戍楼：边防驻军的瞭望楼。戍：一作为“画”。“景阳”句：一作“景阳钟动曙楼空”。
松楸：指在墓地上栽种的树木。一作“楸梧”。冢（zhǒng）：坟墓。
禾黍：禾与黍。泛指粮食作物。语本《诗经·王风·黍离》小序：周大夫行役过故宗庙宫室之地，看见到处长着禾黍，感伤王都颠覆，因而作了《黍离》一诗。
石燕：《浙中记》载：“零陵有石燕，得风雨则飞翔，风雨止还为石。”
江豚：即江猪。水中哺乳动物，体形像鱼，生活在长江之中。吹浪：推动波浪。
英雄：这里指占据金陵的历代帝王。
洛中：即洛阳，洛阳多山。李白《金陵三首》：“山似洛阳多。”
参考资料：
1、《唐诗鉴赏辞典》1066-1067页，赵庆培
2、辛一村．历代神通启蒙诗三百首．长春市：时代文艺出版社，1995年：451-452页
3、余庆元．唐诗三百首读选．杭州市：浙江古籍出版社，1988年：183页
金陵怀古创作背景
这首诗大概写于大和八年（834）前后，当时诗人许浑中进士之后在江南游历，试图以才学为当地权贵所赏识。
参考资料：
1、龙且立．难忘经典诗句．成都市：四川辞书出版社，2008年：208页
金陵怀古鉴赏
金陵是孙吴、东晋和南朝的宋、齐、梁、陈的古都，隋唐以来，由于政治中心的转移，无复六朝的金粉繁华。金陵的盛衰沧桑，成为许多后代诗人寄慨言志的话题。一般咏怀金陵的诗，多指一景一事而言，许浑这首七律则“浑写大意”，“涵概一切”（俞陛云《诗境浅说》），具有高度的艺术概括性。
诗以追述隋兵灭陈的史事发端，写南朝最后一个小朝廷，在陈后主所制乐曲《玉树后庭花》的靡靡之音中覆灭。公元五八九年，隋军攻陷金陵，《玉树后庭花》曲犹未尽，金陵却已末日来临，隋朝大军直逼景阳宫外，城防形同虚设，陈后主束手就擒，陈朝灭亡。这是金陵由盛转衰的开始，全诗以此发端，可谓善抓关键。
颔联描写金陵的衰败景象。“松楸”，坟墓上的树木。诗人登高而望，远近高低尽是松楸荒冢，残宫禾黍。南朝的繁荣盛况，已成为历史的陈迹。
前两联在内容安排上采用了逆挽的手法：首先追述对前朝历史的遥想，然后补写引起这种遥想的眼前景物。这就突出了陈朝灭亡这一金陵盛衰的转捩点及其蕴含的历史教训。
颈联用比兴手法概括世间的风云变幻。这里，“拂”字、“吹”字写得传神，“亦”字、“还”字写得含蓄。“拂云”描写石燕掠雨穿云的形象，“吹浪”表现江豚兴风鼓浪的气势。“晴亦雨”意味着“阴固雨”，“夜还风”显见得“日已风”。“江豚”和“石燕”，象征历史上叱咤风雨的人物，如尾联所说的英雄。这两句通过江上风云晴雨的变化，表现人类社会的干戈起伏和历代王朝的兴亡交替。
尾联照应开头，抒发了诗人对于繁华易逝的感慨。英雄，指曾占据金陵的历代帝王。金陵和洛阳都有群山环绕，地形相似，所以李白《金陵三首》有“山似洛阳多”的诗句。“惟有青山似洛中”，就是说今日的金陵除去山川地势与六朝时依然相似，其余的一切都大不一样了。江山不改，世事多变，令人感慨万千。
这首怀古七律，在选取形象、锤炼字句方面很见功力。例如中间两联，都以自然景象反映社会的变化，手法和景物却大不相同：颔联采取赋的写法进行直观的描述，颈联借助比兴取得暗示的效果；松楸、禾黍都是现实中司空见惯的植物，石燕和江豚则是传说里面神奇怪诞的动物。这样，既写出各式各样丰富多彩的形象，又烘托了一种神秘莫测的浪漫主义气氛。至于炼字，以首联为例：“残”和“空”，从文化生活和军事设施两方面反映陈朝的腐败，一文一武，点染出陈亡之前金陵城一片没落不堪的景象：“合”字又以泰山压顶之势，表现隋朝大军兵临城下的威力：“王气终”则与尾联的“豪华尽”前后相应，抒写金陵繁华一去不返、人间权势终归于尽的慨叹，读来令人不禁怅然。
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高启《
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登金陵雨花台望大江》
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白居易《
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庾楼晓望》
许浑简介
唐代·许浑的简介
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许浑（约791～约858），字用晦（一作仲晦），唐代诗人，润州丹阳（今江苏丹阳）人。晚唐最具影响力的诗人之一，其一生不作古诗，专攻律体；题材以怀古、田园诗为佳，艺术则以偶对整密、诗律纯熟为特色。唯诗中多描写水、雨之景，后人拟之与诗圣杜甫齐名，并以“许浑千首诗，杜甫一生愁”评价之。成年后移家京口(今江苏镇江)丁卯涧，以丁卯名其诗集，后人因称“许丁卯”。许诗误入杜牧集者甚多。代表作有《咸阳城东楼》。
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清代：
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戴亨
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伊余削籍游京华，畴昔知交绝来往。踽踽孤踪近十年，邂逅石闾非梦想。
高才逸气淩九霄，冰雪奇文共欣赏。眉山即山相继来，睥睨今古分雄长。
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病讯四章 其二
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明代：
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王彦泓
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绣被新鸳剩半床，怕拈卮酒怕闻香。能瘳别恨无灵药，愿驻华姿有禁方。
背冷乍温教女弟，面痕轻舐待萧郎。悬知乍起新妆淡，只有葵花似嫩黄。