观田家
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唐代]：韦应物
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丁壮俱在野，场圃亦就理。
归来景常晏，饮犊西涧水。
饥劬不自苦，膏泽且为喜。
观田家译文及注释
译文
一场微细的春雨百草充满生机，一声隆隆的春雷惊蛰节令来临。
种田人家一年能有几天空闲，田中劳作从惊蛰便开始忙碌起来。
年轻力壮的都去田野耕地，场院又改成菜地也整理出来了。
从田中归来常是太阳落山以后，还要牵上牛犊到西边山涧去饮水。
挨饿辛劳农夫们从不叫苦，一场贵如油的春雨降下就使他们充满了喜悦。
粮仓中早已没了往日的存粮，但官府的派差却还无尽无休。
看到农民这样，我这不耕者深感惭愧，我所得的俸禄可都出自这些种田百姓。
注释
田家：农民。
卉（huì）：草的总称。
惊蛰（zhé）：二十四节气之一。
耕种（gēng zhòng）：泛指种田的事。
场圃（pǔ）：春天用来种菜，秋天打场的地方。
景：日光。
晏（yàn）：晚。
犊（dú）：小牛。
劬（qú）：过分劳苦。
膏（gāo）泽：谓贵如油的春雨。
禀（lǐn）：储存谷物的屋舍。
宿储（sù chǔ）：隔夜之粮。
徭役（yáo yì）：古时官府向人民摊派的无偿劳动。
惭（cán）：羞愧。
不耕（gēng）者：做官的人。
禄食（lù shí）：俸禄。
闾（lǘ）里：乡里，泛指民间。
参考资料：
1、李月辉．名画唐诗佳句欣赏：河北少年儿童出版社，2002年：182-184页
观田家创作背景
德宗兴元元年（784年），诗人任滁州刺史期间，看到春耕时节田家辛勤劳苦的场景，触景生情，写下了这首田园诗。
参考资料：
1、李月辉．名画唐诗佳句欣赏：河北少年儿童出版社，2002年：182-184页
观田家鉴赏
“微雨众卉新，一雷惊蛰始”扣住诗题“田家”，从春雨春雷写起，点出春耕。“微雨”二字写春雨，用白描手法，没有细密的描绘“微雨”，而将重点放在“众卉新”三字上，既写出万木逢春雨的欣欣向荣，又表达了诗人的欣喜之情。“一雷惊蛰始”以民间传说“惊蛰”这天雷鸣，而万虫惊动，来写春耕之始。
“田家几日闲，耕种从此起”总写农家耕作。“几日闲”更是用反问句式道出了农民劳作的艰辛。
“丁壮俱在野，场圃亦就理。归来景常晏，饮犊西涧水。”具体写农夫终日忙碌不休的事情。写农忙，既是一年到头，又是从早到晚，可见时间之长；从空间来讲，也是十分广阔的，既有田地、场院、又有菜圃、涧水。另外“俱”字将农夫忙碌无一人轻闲点出，“就理”又写出农夫虽忙，但有条不紊，忙而不乱。这四句是白描手法，语言简明而无雕饰，自然平淡，极炼如不炼。
“饥劬不自苦，膏泽且为喜”这二句写出了农民的勤劳朴实。
“仑廪无宿储，徭役犹未已”在前面铺叙农忙之后，突然转笔写到农夫的无粮与徭役之苦，笔墨虽朴实，但同情之意流注其间，此二句可使读者纵观封建社会农夫被压迫之惨状。
“方惭不耕者，禄食出闾里”是诗人以观感作结。讲食禄不耕者对衣食父母的农夫们的艰辛劳作而又饥寒的情况惭然生愧。“方惭”二字既是对不劳者的谴责，也是诗人对自己宦游食禄生活的自责。
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范成大《
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冬日田园杂兴》
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王建《
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雨过山村》
韦应物简介
唐代·韦应物的简介
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韦应物（737～792），中国唐代诗人。汉族，长安(今陕西西安)人。今传有10卷本《韦江州集》、两卷本《韦苏州诗集》、10卷本《韦苏州集》。散文仅存一篇。因出任过苏州刺史，世称“韦苏州”。诗风恬淡高远，以善于写景和描写隐逸生活著称。
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