蝶恋花·几许伤春春复暮
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宋代]：贺铸
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几许伤春春复暮。杨柳清阴，偏碍游丝度。天际小山桃叶步。白头花满湔裙处。
竟日微吟长短句。帘影灯昏，心寄胡琴语。数点雨声风约住。朦胧淡月云来去。
蝶恋花·几许伤春春复暮译文及注释
译文
多少回伤春又到了春暮，杨柳树浓浓的清荫，妨碍着游丝度过。远处的小山边是桃叶埠，白花盛开的河边是她洗裙的地方。
我整天轻声吟诵诗句，在帘影之下暗灯前，让胡琴声把我心声吐。几点雨声被风止住，月色朦胧薄云飘来飘去。
注释
蝶恋花：词牌名。又名“凤栖梧”“鹊踏枝”等。双调，六十字，上下片各四仄韵。
徐冠卿：作者友人，生平未详。
春复暮：春天又将尽。
游丝：空气中浮游的蜘蛛所吐之丝。又，香炉中袅袅飘浮之烟亦称游丝。
天际小山：形容古代青年女子所画淡眉的颜色像远在天边的小山。桃叶步：桃叶山，在今江苏六合。桃叶，晋代王献之的妾名，后来成为女子的代称。步，江边可以系舟停船之处，即“埠”。
湔（jiān）裙：洗裙。湔，洗涤。
竟日：整日，整天。
胡琴：唐宋时期，凡来自西北各民族的弦乐器统称胡琴。
风约住：指雨声被风拦住。约，拦、束。
朦胧：模糊不清的样子。
参考资料：
1、李森．精译赏析宋词三百首：高等教育出版社，2011：193-195
2、林霄．唐宋元明清名家词选：贵州民族出版社，2005：122
3、程帆．宋词三百首鉴赏辞典：湖南教育出版社，2011：175-176
4、杨海明．宋词三百首新注：江苏大学出版社，2010：121-122
蝶恋花·几许伤春春复暮创作背景
这首词约作于宋哲宗绍圣三年丙子（1096年）三四月间，为伤春怀人之作。绍圣三年二月。贺铸曾到过扬州，稍后又到金陵。这首词很可能是词人身居金陵，同忆扬州情事之作，有同时的《献金杯》一词可相参看。又据词题，这首词可能是友人徐冠卿曾先赠一首词后作者稍改动所成。
参考资料：
1、刘石．宋词鉴赏大辞典：中华书局，2011：414-415
蝶恋花·几许伤春春复暮鉴赏
这是一首伤春怀人之作。上片写暮春之景。伤春偏逢春暮，浓密的柳荫，已阻碍了游丝的飞度，游丝这里喻指相思心绪。桃花渡口、开满白蓣花的水边，那正是两人分手的地方。下片抒写相思之情。终日枯坐，难觅佳句，缭乱胡琴，夹杂风雨，长夜不成眠，惟有淡月相伴。
开篇词人即点明时令及自己的心情，为全词奠定了忧伤的感情基调。暮春时节是多愁之人最难度过的时段之一，正是“惜春长怕花开早，何况落红无数”（辛弃疾《摸鱼儿·更能消几番风雨》）。伤心人对伤心景，难免更增几分烦恼。于是见杨柳柔条上缠绕着的几缕游丝，也会生出几许嗔怪，全忘了柳阴清凉的好处。“偏”字把词人如游丝般浮动的烦恼意绪巧妙地寄寓在自然景物之中，是传神之笔。
“天际”二句，抒发了词人对恋人的思念。这两句写天边的小山触发了词人的情思，同想起与恋人间发生的故事。满怀着王献之对待爱妾桃叶般的深情，望着眼前铺满水面的白藏花，他的脑海中呈现出昔时上巳之日恋人水边湔裙的美好情景。那时的大好春光和愉悦的心情是植根于词人心中的珍贵回忆，其情其景与下阌词人感伤春暮的情绪形成了鲜明对比。
上片眼前之景与旧日之事的巧妙融合，把词人多情善感的心绪及对恋人无处不在的思念细腻地呈现在读者的面前。“桃叶步”典故的运用尤佳，今古相融、虚实相生中，巧妙而又含蓄。
下片“竞日”三句，词人把春日的感伤、相思的煎熬都寄托在了忧伤的小词和凄苦的胡琴声中。“竞日微吟”道出了愁情的悠远绵长。而当夜幕降临，伴着昏暗的孤灯和偶随风动的帘影，词人的心事逐渐凝重，胡琴如怨如慕的呜咽与敲窗的暮雨正是他心中愁思无言的诉说。至此，全词的感情达到高潮，最为动人。末二句感情色彩由浓变淡。当清风送走凄雨，流云掩映淡月，作者的愁情也随着景物的变化呈现出月华般的朦胧与苍茫。结尾二句，语虽淡而饶富情味，让人陷入一片清愁之中。
此词写景、叙事，把由日及夜所见之景、所做之事，与旧日之事和伤春之情、相思之苦相结合，跳跃的诗思中蕴涵着清新平淡的韵味和真挚深刻的情感，表达含蓄而见波澜，其寄情之景语尤其值得品读。贺铸词多浓艳之语，多慷慨之词，而这首小词颇显清新淡雅，这正说明作者风格的多样性。
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崔国辅《
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欧阳修《
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生查子·含羞整翠鬟》
贺铸简介
唐代·贺铸的简介
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贺铸(1052～1125) 北宋词人。字方回，号庆湖遗老。汉族，卫州（今河南卫辉）人。宋太祖贺皇后族孙，所娶亦宗室之女。自称远祖本居山阴，是唐贺知章后裔，以知章居庆湖（即镜湖），故自号庆湖遗老。
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