赐宫人庆奴
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五代]：李煜
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风情渐老见春羞，到处消魂感旧游。
多谢长条似相识，强垂烟态拂人头。
赐宫人庆奴鉴赏
此词调名于诸本二主词或作《柳枝》、或作《杨柳枝》。这首词于清《全唐诗》中有题作“赐GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫人庆奴”。据宋张邦基《墨庄漫录》载：“江南李后主尝于黄罗扇上书赐GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫人庆奴云：‘……风情渐老见春羞，到处芳魂感旧游。多谢长条似相识，强垂烟穗拂人头。’想见其风流也。扇至今传在贵人家。”明顾起云《客座赘语》中亦云：“南唐GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫人庆奴，后主尝赐以词云：‘……风情渐老见春羞，到处芳魂感旧游。多谢长条似相识，强垂烟穗拂人头。’书于黄罗扇上，流落人间，盖柳枝词也。”其他如《西溪丛话》、《六砚斋三笔》等本中，也都有类似的记载。由此可见，这首词当是李煜前期的作品。这首词是李煜代宫女庆奴书、书后赐与庆奴的，所以词中的主人公是宫女。
开篇“风情渐老”直写女主人公青春不再，人老色衰。“风情”本来是说男女欢爱的情怀，但这里指的是女人容貌和情态。“见春羞”是自觉羞于见春之意。春花盛开，春色明媚，是女子容颜娇美艳丽的映照，而此时不敢与之相比喻。说明了女子年华已逝，美艳不复当初的自伤自艾。诚如顾起元语：“‘见春羞’三字，新而警。”比喻生动，情怀毕现。“到处”是指女子原在宫中受宠时的恩爱欢情，处处都曾留下过她与他的足迹和影子。此处用来颇有深意，既表示对过去的无时无刻的怀恋，也喻示出如今处处见情伤心、触情生愁的感慨。“芳魂感旧游”，旧地重游，情已不再，怎能不黯然魂消。“多谢”句以柳枝相喻，“似相识”照应“感旧游”，正是女子怀思、处处生情的真实写照。“强垂”二字愁意渐深，柳枝本无“强垂”之意，但人总有邀宠之心，刻意求宠，而又因“风情渐老”而求宠不得，所以勉强不来的无可奈何之情让人感伤不已。
全词以第一人称口吻写成，既有直叙，也有妙喻，通过宫女的感伤情怀侧面地透露出她的不幸身世，虽是李煜代笔，但个中深情却真切动人。词中以柳枝喻人，以“强垂”喻境，喻象别致、生动，手法清新、自然，情景交合，颇为感人。不过，也正因是李煜代抒宫女之情，词中难免有以帝王之眼看宫女之色的庸俗感觉，格调相对不高。
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张籍《
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蓟北旅思》
李煜简介
唐代·李煜的简介
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李煜，五代十国时南唐国君，961年-975年在位，字重光，初名从嘉，号钟隐、莲峰居士。汉族，彭城（今江苏徐州）人。南唐元宗李璟第六子，于宋建隆二年(961年)继位，史称李后主。开宝八年，宋军破南唐都城，李煜降宋，被俘至汴京，封为右千牛卫上将军、违命侯。后因作感怀故国的名词《虞美人》而被宋太宗毒死。李煜虽不通政治，但其艺术才华却非凡。精书法，善绘画，通音律，诗和文均有一定造诣，尤以词的成就最高。千古杰作《虞美人》、《浪淘沙》、《乌夜啼》等词。在政治上失败的李煜，却在词坛上留下了不朽的篇章，被称为“千古词帝”。
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