蝶恋花·海岱楼玩月作
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宋代]：米芾
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千古涟漪清绝地。海岱楼高，下瞰秦淮尾。水浸碧天天似水。广寒宫阙人间世。
霭霭春和一海市。鏊戴三山，顷刻随轮至。宝月圆时多异气。夜光一颗千金贵。
蝶恋花·海岱楼玩月作译文及注释
译文
千万年的涟漪仍荡漾在这片清净隔绝的地方，海岱楼很高，往下俯瞰秦淮河的尾端。水天一色，仿佛水浸泡着天，天与水合为一体，像是从月亮上的广寒宫来看下面的人间一样。
雾色蔼蔼中出现一个海市蜃楼，巨鳌托举着三座大山浮出水面，立刻随着月亮一同出来。月亮圆的像宝珠一样的时候有很多异样的气息，现在的月亮就仿佛一颗夜明珠价值千金。
注释
涟漪：实指涟水全境，涟水为水乡，境内有中涟、西涟、东涟诸水。
海岱（dài）楼：在江苏涟水。词人于哲宗绍圣四年（1097）知涟水军二年。
下瞰（kàn）：从高处往下看，俯视。 秦淮：河名。流经南京﹐是南京市名胜之一。相传秦始皇南巡至龙藏浦﹐发现有王气﹐于是凿方山﹐断长垄为渎入于江﹐以泄王气﹐故名秦淮。
广寒宫：月中仙宫。中国古代传说中嫦娥居住的地方。
霭霭（ǎi）：云雾密集的样子。 海市：即海市蜃楼。
鳌戴三山：巨鳌在水底顶着三座山。系我国古代神话。“三山”，指海中的仙山方壶、瀛洲、蓬莱，巨鳌或大龟藏于山下“举首而戴（顶）之”，漂浮的“三山”因而不再移动（详见《列子·汤问》）。
轮：指代月。
异气：指天空出现的特异气象：祥瑞之象，或大气中的蜃景影像。
夜光：月光。
参考资料：
1、程观林．万里西风：豪放集：中国青年出版社，1997：90
2、上海辞书出版社编著．词与画 唐宋词三百首：上海辞书出版社，1998：149
蝶恋花·海岱楼玩月作创作背景
绍圣四年（1097）词人知涟水军（今江苏涟水），此首《蝶恋花·千古涟漪清绝地》为词人任内登涟水海岱楼玩月之作。
参考资料：
1、程观林．万里西风：豪放集：中国青年出版社，1997：91
蝶恋花·海岱楼玩月作鉴赏
《蝶恋花》词牌一般以抒写缠绵悱，恻之情为多，似此词以健笔写景，而能大气包举，摄人心魂，观之词史，实为罕见。一字一句是真是实，又迷离惝恍如梦如幻。词境超迈，意象玲珑，令人佩服其凌云健笔。
“千古”三句点出海岱楼的地理位置。首句将地名嵌入，有助于晶莹澄澈意境的塑造。李白《蛾眉山月歌》说：“蛾眉山月半轮秋，影入平羌江水流。夜发清溪向三峡，思君不见下渝州。”“蛾眉山月”、“平羌”、“清溪”等词，均于地名中寓情境，米芾正是借鉴了李诗的这种手法。下阕则以想象、比喻等手法，描绘了明月初升、如梦如幻的水上奇观。作者描绘海市蜃楼、蓬莱仙山等人间仙境，都是为了营造气氛，衬托明月，则最后两句无疑就是点睛之笔，突出了题目“海岱楼玩月作”。词中写景之作，有柳永的《望海潮》，写月之作，有苏轼的《水调歌头》，但柳词重点在于摹写人间美景，苏词重点在于对月抒怀，米芾此作则是以想象的笔调，描绘了梦幻般的月色，在表现上自有其独特性。
这首词的上阕，首先从海岱楼所处的地理位置人手。“千古”一句，是对涟水全境的景色的总写。涟水为水乡，当时境内有中涟、西涟、东涟诸水，是黄河由淮河入海的必经之地，且东濒大海，北临运河，水乡清绝，故以“涟漪”称之。然后特出一笔，写海岱楼之高拔地而起，“下瞰秦淮尾”，形容楼高用了夸张手法。“水浸”二句承“下瞰”而来，转而描写碧天浸沉在水中，然后又由如水的碧天联想到“广寒宫阙”，这便引出一个“月”字，从而为下阕写月出作好铺垫。但“广寒宫”是由水中碧天联想到的虚写，作者的笔墨仍然是倾注于“人间世”，上阕的全部重点均在“人间世”，“广寒宫”也是为修饰“人间世”而出现的。
词人在下阕所写“玩月”。但首句却不去写月，而是写“海市”。但这首词中的“海市”，并非实写，写海才是实际，从而再次为月出作铺垫。经过再三铺垫，曲曲折折，月亮终于在千呼万唤之后出海：“鳌戴三山，顷刻随轮至。”这两句写月出，表面看来是写“三山”随月轮而至，月未出时“三山”暗，月出则“三山”明，月亮似乎瞬间移至眼前。这实际上还是写月，“三山”只是作为月的反衬物出现的。看似“三山”至，实即月轮出，这种笔法实际是借此写彼。这两句不仅充满了神话色彩，而且写得神采飞动。“顷刻”一词，写出了月轮出海时的神气和凌厉。词中真正写“玩月”，只是最后两句：“宝月圆时多异气，夜光一颗千金贵。”这是巧借同名之珠以赞美圆月之可贵。这两句，前句重在其“异”，后句重在其“贵”，由于“异”所以“贵”。一轮明月，不知产生过多少神话，神奇之至，亦美妙之至，月也因此而提高了身价。月在古人眼中是群阴之宗，对其崇拜备至，所以这两句也包含着作者对于月的种种幻想与评价。
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李端《
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拜新月》
米芾简介
唐代·米芾的简介
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米芾（1051-1107），北宋书法家、画家，书画理论家。祖籍太原，迁居襄阳。天资高迈、人物萧散，好洁成癖。被服效唐人，多蓄奇石。世号米颠。书画自成一家。能画枯木竹石，时出新意，又能画山水，创为水墨云山墨戏，烟云掩映，平淡天真。善诗，工书法，精鉴别。擅篆、隶、楷、行、草等书体，长于临摹古人书法，达到乱真程度。宋四家之一。曾任校书郎、书画博士、礼部员外郎。
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唐代：
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龚诩
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红衣落尽翠盘倾，浣我清波一鉴明。说与儿童须摘尽，莫留馀叶引秋声。