天涯
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唐代]：李商隐
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春日在天涯，天涯日又斜。
莺啼如有泪，为湿最高花。
天涯译文及注释
译文
繁花似锦的春天独在天涯，天涯的红日又在渐渐西斜。
美丽的黄莺啊你若有泪水，请为我洒向最高枝的娇花。
注释
天涯：一指此处泛指家乡以外的极远之地。
天涯：二指此处特指具体的天边。
斜：古音读xiá，今音读xié。可以读古音，也可以按现行中小学语文教学通例上读今音。
莺啼：莺鸣。宋辛弃疾《蝶恋花》词：“燕语莺啼人乍还。却恨西园，依旧莺和燕。”“啼”字语意双关啼叫和啼哭。
最高花：树梢顶上的花。也是盛开在最后的花。
天涯创作背景
此诗冯浩《玉溪生年谱》编于大中九年（855年），当时李商隐在梓州柳仲郢幕府。张采田《玉溪生年谱会笺》编在大中五年（851年），当时李商隐在徐州卢弘止幕府。
参考资料：
1、陈永正．李商隐诗选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：170-171
天涯鉴赏
李商隐的这首绝句，“意极悲，语极艳”（杨致轩语），在表现手法上很有特色。
此诗一开头诗人就制造出一种环境和心情强烈反差的氛围。首句平直叙起，蕴藏着极深沉凄惋的感情。“春日”写时光之美妙可爱，“天涯”喻飘泊之遥远；两词并用，便将旖旎的春光与羁旅的愁思交织在一起。第二句使用“顶针”格，重复“天涯”二字，再点题意。春日越是美妙可爱，落魄江湖，远在天涯的诗人更感到惆怅。“春日在天涯”已经使人黯然伤神；而“天涯日又斜”递进一层，就更加渲染了在天涯海角，踽踽独行，穷愁飘泊的悲凉气氛。“日又斜”是说时间向晚，一天又将过去，这就给艳丽的春景笼罩了一层慵倦凄暗的阴影。繁花似锦的春光，与西沉的斜阳，纵然掩映多姿，但无多时，终将沉没于苍茫暮色之中。日复一日，春天也终将红英落尽，悄然归逝。韶光之易逝，繁花之必将凋零，与诗人人生道路上的失意蹉跎，正复泯然相合。著一“又”字，则日暮途穷，苶然疲役之慨，寂寥孤独，空漠无依之痛，尽在言外。两句既包含着对美好事物无限留恋珍惜之意，也包含着生命必将凋零之可悲。
转句在宛曲回环中见奇警，结句余音袅袅，哀艳动人。“莺啼”本来是非常宛转悦耳的，可是由于此时此境，诗人却觉得像在啼哭。这是因为诗人蜡炬成灰，泪已流干，只有托啼莺寄恨了。诗中“啼”写听觉，看花写视觉，“湿”是触觉，为我而湿最高之花乃是意觉，这就把诗人敏锐的联想和深切的感受写出来了。诗人移情及物，使黄莺感叹悲啼而垂泪；而泪水所湿之花，自然也泪痕斑斑，凄楚欲绝。莺花之娇艳，最足以代表阳春的盛景，然而春归花落，总不免于凋零寂灭。是莺花为诗人而悲者，正所以自悲也。
“最高花”之所以会引起诗人如此深情的关注，是因为树梢顶上的花，也就是开到最后的花，意味着春天已过尽，美好的事物即将消逝，莺儿的啼声也倍觉哀绝了。再者，也因为树梢顶上的花，上无庇护，风狂雨骤，峣峣者易折，这和人世间一切美好事物容易遭到损坏的命运非常相似，和李商隐这位有才华、有抱负而潦倒终身的诗人的命运也是非常相似。李商隐所处的时代，唐王朝已经到了崩溃的前夕，诗人对国家和个人的前途深感绝望，因而生命的短瞬，人生的空虚，使诗的伤感情调更加显得沉重。诗人的悲痛已经远远超过了天涯羁旅之愁，而是深深浸透着人生挫伤和幻灭的痛苦。
这种韵外之致，荡气回肠，往往会令人不能自持，溺而忘返。这首美艳而凄绝的绝句既是春天的挽歌，也是人生的挽歌，更是诗人那个时代的挽歌。
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冯延巳《
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上行杯·落梅着雨消残粉》
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王勃《
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仲春郊外》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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