首春逢耕者
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唐代]：柳宗元
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南楚春候早，余寒已滋荣。
土膏释原野，白蛰竞所营。
缀景未及郊，穑人先偶耕。
园林幽鸟啭，渚泽新泉清。
农事诚素务，羁囚阻平生。
故池想芜没，遗亩当榛荆。
慕隐既有系，图功遂无成。
聊从田父言，款曲陈此情。
眷然抚耒耜，回首烟云横。
首春逢耕者译文及注释
译文
楚南一带春天的征候来得早，
冬天的余寒未尽，草木的生机却已萌发。
原野的泥土释放出肥力，
像冬眠的动物争相在上面安家。
春天的景象还没装点到城郊，
农民便已结伴耕稼。
园林中传出鸟儿婉转的叫声，
小洲洼地的新泉清澈令人叹嗟。
农事确实要平时致力，
如同囚犯般寄居外地也许会耽误终生。
故居的池塘想必已被杂草淹没，
老家的田园当时长满了乔木、灌木和蔓藤。
羡慕隐士已有所托，
谋取功名却已不成。
姑且跟随田间老汉细细攀谈，
详细地表述了自己的苦衷。
无限眷恋地抚摸着犁耙，
时间于不知不觉中过去，回头一看已是满天烟云。
注释
首春：诗人来到永州度过的第一个春天。
土膏：泥土的肥力。
蛰（zhé折）：蛰居，即动物冬眠，藏起来不食不动。
缀（zhuì坠）：装饰，点缀。
穑（sè色）人：农民。偶耕：两人并耕。
啭（zhuàn转）：鸟婉转地叫。
渚（zhǔ主）：水中的小块陆地，小洲。
羁（jī 鸡）囚：留在外地的囚犯。羁，羁留，停留。
故池：旧居的池塘。芜（wú吴）：丛生的杂草。
遗亩：家乡旧日的田园。榛荆（zhēn jīng 针茎）：榛，一种落叶乔木；荆，一种落叶灌木。
款曲：衷情。
眷然：怀念的样子。耒耜（lěisì累四）：古代一种像犁的农具，木把叫“耒”，犁头叫“耜”。
首春逢耕者创作背景
这首诗当作于柳宗元来到永州第一年即唐宪宗元和元年（806年）早春。一天，柳宗元独自出游到永州郊外，目睹到一幅在长安做京官时不曾有过的春意盎然的田园图景。原野上清泉涌流，鸟语花香，更有农人春耕正忙。他倍感新奇与兴奋，以饱蘸深情的笔，记下了这赏心悦目的幕幕景象。
参考资料：
1、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010：291
首春逢耕者鉴赏
此诗写的是诗人来到永州第一年即公元806年（元和元年）早春的情景。
一天，诗人独自出游到永州郊外，目睹到一幅在长安做京官时不曾有过的春意盎然的田园图景。原野上清泉涌流，草木萌蘖，鸟语花香，更有农人春耕正忙。诗人倍感新奇与兴奋，以饱蘸深情的笔，记下了这赏心悦目的幕幕景象；身为“僇人”，羁留异地，触景生情，勾起了诗人对故土的不尽思念，以及对不幸人生的无限感慨。
全诗以第五联过渡，由所见所闻转入写所思所感。诗人看到一派宜人的早春景象后，引发的不是美好的憧憬、宏大的志愿，而是强烈的思念故土之情。正如近藤元粹《柳柳州诗集》卷三所言：“贬谪不平之意片时不能忘于怀，故随处发露，平淡中亦有愤懑，可压也。”由早春生机勃勃的景象，联想到北方旧居已人去楼空，昔日田园因无人料理而杂草丛生，沦为荒地；由此又进一步引发对人生的感慨，感到无可寄托——政治前途既已渺茫，沉闷之情又无以排遣，精神的家园不知安在。惶惶不可终日，诗人对这种无所事事的无聊生活，极度地不适与不满，甚至羡慕起隐士来——尽管他们功名无所成但还有所寄寓。无意间诗人遇到了田间劳作的老汉，于是找到了倾诉的对象，诗人向这位素昧平生的老汉一吐衷肠，一泄为快。于此，也正是辛勤劳作的农民给了他以莫大的慰藉，使他舍不得离开田头，无限眷恋地抚摸着农夫的犁耙，交谈中已不知天色已晚，猛回头，发现炊烟已弥漫天空。
在身为“羁囚”的情况下，农夫已成为柳宗元倾诉的对象，与农夫倾心交谈已成了他精神解脱的最好方式。柳宗元之所以那般热爱永州山水，一个重要的原因就是他对永州人的信赖和感激。
但诗歌尾联，诗人又不得不面对现实生活的落寞，思念故乡，但在他眼前的仍是烟云横断。这意境与崔颢的“日暮乡关何处是，烟波江上使人愁”有异曲同工之妙。
总之，全诗表现的是早春郊游时的所见所感，既写了诗人对永州之野的美好印象，又写了诗人寂寞生活中矛盾而复杂的心情。以朴实的笔调写事，以诚笃的心写实，朴诚的人格跃然纸上。
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陶渊明《
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癸卯岁始春怀古田舍二首》
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王维《
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春中田园作》
柳宗元简介
唐代·柳宗元的简介
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柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，唐代河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。
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