倾杯·冻水消痕
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宋代]：柳永
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冻水消痕，晓风生暖，春满东郊道。迟迟淑景，烟和露润，偏染长堤芳草。断鸿隐隐归飞，江天杳杳。遥山变色，妆眉淡扫。目极千里，闲倚危楼迥眺。
动几许、伤春怀抱。念何处、韶阳偏早。想帝里看看，名园芳榭，烂漫莺花好。追思往昔年少。继日恁、把酒听歌，量金买笑。别后暗负，光阴多少。
倾杯·冻水消痕译文及注释
译文
冰雪融化得无影无踪，晨风让人感觉暖意无比，东郊道路两旁满眼春光。阳光温暖，景色宜人，调和滋润的云露，尽染长长堤岸上那无边的芳草。失群的孤雁忧戚的往回飞去，江水和天边连成一线，杳杳幽远。远山已改变了原有的颜色，用尽目力远望千里之外的山峰，犹如淡扫娥眉。静静的凭靠着高楼的栏杆，我独自远眺。
春天的到来引动了我多少忧伤、苦闷的心怀。想一想何处明媚的春光来得最早，那帝都的著名园林、高台香榭，想来已渐渐是草木茂盛、莺啼花开的春日好景色了。追忆往日青春年少的美好时光，有过多少次的连日饮酒听歌，千金买笑啊。离别之后才发现，在不知不觉中辜负了多少美好岁月啊！
注释
倾杯：唐教坊曲名，后用作词牌，又名《古倾杯》、《倾杯乐》等，《乐章集》有七调，此词为“林钟商”。双调一百八字，上片十二句五仄韵，下片八句六仄韵。
冻水：冰水。消痕：这里是融化的意思。
迟迟：舒和的样子。淑景：日影，此指春天的阳光。景，通“影”。
断鸿：失群的孤雁。
杳杳：悠远。
目极千里：纵目千里。
危樯：高耸的桅杆。迥眺：远望。
韶光：春光。
帝里：帝京，指北宋京城汴京（今河南开封市）。
烂漫：色彩鲜丽。⑿继日恁：天天如此。
量金：用量器计量黄金，喻不惜重价。买笑：指狎妓。
参考资料：
1、叶嘉莹 等．柳永词新释辑评．北京市：中华书局，2005年1月第1版：204-206
2、薛瑞生．柳永词选．北京市：中华书局，2005年1月第1版：51-53
倾杯·冻水消痕创作背景
此词具体创作年份不可考。词中说“冻水消痕”，说明此词作于冬春之交。而词中景物如“长堤芳草”，比较符合江南风景，说明此词乃柳永游历江南时所作。
参考资料：
1、薛瑞生．柳永词选．北京市：中华书局，2005年1月第1版：51-53
倾杯·冻水消痕鉴赏
词的上片极写春日的阳和之景。以“冻水消痕”、“晓风生暖“的四字骈偶句开始，写出早春典型景物：冰雪融消，晨风送暖。骈偶句的运用显现出铺排的效果，再接“春满东郊道”一个单句托住，由水而风而郊野长道，水陆上下遍布浓浓香气。三句中，一“消”、一“生”、一“满”，三个动词显现了变化中的动态。“迟迟淑景”和“烟和露润”又是两个四字短句，却不用对偶，与开篇同中有异，概写春阳的和暖，烟岚的和润，渲染了早春的气氛，再以“偏绕长堤芳草”一句实景作为承接，长堤一线，芳草染绿，“偏绕”二字表现长堤春草正承受着春阳与烟露的恩泽，万物与造物者融洽为一体。“断鸿”二句，场景从远远的长堤提升至广袤的天空。鸿雁北归又是一个典型的早春之景，天边时隐时现的一点归飞鸿雁的身影，更衬出江天的悠远无尽。“遥山”三句，白远天而至远山，以拟人笔法写早春刚刚染上新绿的远山如美女“淡扫”的“妆眉”，极尽闲雅秀逸之态。结句之“目极”二句说以上所绘早春阳和之景并非词人春游所历，而是他“闲倚危楼”、“目极千里”、“迥眺”之所见。
春景如此秀美诱人，词人却无意来游，此中必有缘故。景中所绘“断鸿”这一意象隐隐透露了一点信息。北归的大雁总是排成整齐的雁阵，而词人却偏偏选择一只失群的孤雁，这孤雁为下片所抒情感埋设了一个伏线。
过片换头“动几许、伤春怀抱”一语，由“动”字领起，承上启下，上片春景所引动的却是游子的“伤春怀抱”。这一语是全词情感气氛陡然大变的关键词。这关键词与上片的“断鸿”意象幽隐地暗暗相连，“断鸿”正是词人自身形象的喻托。此语中“伤春怀抱”四字亦可作为此词的“词眼”，全词所抒正是词人的“伤春怀抱”。
于是以下由“念”、“想”、“追思”引领出自己“伤春怀抱”，逐层铺叙。词人所“念”者乃“何处、留阳偏早”。所谓“何处”，即词人现今所在之处，词人偏说“何处”，化实为虚，正是游子他乡情感的流溢。“韶阳”本是美好的艳阳春色，人所共爱，词人却怪它偏偏来得这样早，正是游子伤春之情使然。词人所“想”者乃“帝里看看，名园芳树，烂漫莺花好”。帝都的春日胜景用墨虽不多，但绚丽多姿，繁华热烈，对比眼前的素雅春色，自是别有一番诱人的风光，它强烈地吸引着沉迷市井生活的柳永。词人所“追思”者乃是“往昔年少”的放浪生活。他由帝都的繁华而追思起年少时的欢乐，那时是日以继日地“把酒”、“听歌”、“买笑”，挥金如土，对比今日的“断雁”情状，自然“别是一番滋味在心头”了，“把酒听歌”、“量金买笑”又是两个四字骈偶句，与开篇的一组骈偶句遥相照应，依旧显现着铺排的效果。这种生活尽管不足取法，但对柳永来说，却是他对仕途失意的一种抗衡。而直到他作下此词的时候，仕途仍是蹭蹬，岁月依旧题跎，却连这种抗衡带来的些许心灵慰藉也不可得了。经过“想”、“念”、“追思”这三层铺叙之后，终于逼出了煞拍之“别后暗负，光阴多少”，嗟叹岁月的流逝，为辜负了青春年华而暗暗心伤。此时此刻，词人内心的失落，痛楚早已盖过了眼前的一片春色。
柳永的词惯写羁旅愁情，但多各具面目，并不给人以重复雷同之感。此词以美景引愁情，以往昔的热烈反村眼前的冷寂，在抒情上又以上片深幽的蕴蓄与下片痛快的倾吐形成鲜明比照。
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夜游宫·春语莺迷翠柳》
柳永简介
唐代·柳永的简介
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柳永，（约987年—约1053年）北宋著名词人，婉约派代表人物。汉族，崇安（今福建武夷山）人，原名三变，字景庄，后改名永，字耆卿，排行第七，又称柳七。宋仁宗朝进士，官至屯田员外郎，故世称柳屯田。他自称“奉旨填词柳三变”，以毕生精力作词，并以“白衣卿相”自诩。其词多描绘城市风光和歌妓生活，尤长于抒写羁旅行役之情，创作慢词独多。铺叙刻画，情景交融，语言通俗，音律谐婉，在当时流传极其广泛，人称“凡有井水饮处，皆能歌柳词”，婉约派最具代表性的人物之一，对宋词的发展有重大影响，代表作 《雨霖铃》《八声甘州》。
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牡丹百咏 其十
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明代：
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张淮
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红玉肌容艳有神，九天飞下一仙真。垂头雨后犹倾国，点额风前欲唤人。
龙脑薰成香世界，蝶翎逗落锦埃尘。春光得我方能丽，笑杀凡花号丽春。
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挽闲闲真人父司徒
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宋代：
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陆文圭
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堂堂遗一老，五福寿而康。
系出安仁谰，身居荣禄乡。
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颂古十首
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宋代：
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释普岩
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月淡江空泛小舟，唱歌和月看江流。
更深欹枕梦何处，两峰清霜晓未收。