黠鼠赋
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宋代]：苏轼
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苏子夜坐，有鼠方啮。拊床而止之，既止复作。使童子烛之，有橐中空。嘐嘐聱聱，声在橐中。曰：“噫！此鼠之见闭而不得去者也。”发而视之，寂无所有，举烛而索，中有死鼠。童子惊曰：“是方啮也，而遽死也？向为何声，岂其鬼耶？”覆而出之，堕地乃走，虽有敏者，莫措其手。
苏子叹曰：“异哉，是鼠之黠也！闭于橐中，橐坚而不可穴也。故不啮而啮，以声致人；不死而死，以形求脱也。吾闻有生，莫智于人。扰龙伐蛟，登龟狩麟，役万物而君之，卒见使于一鼠，堕此虫之计中，惊脱兔于处女，乌在其为智也？”
坐而假寐，私念其故。若有告余者，曰：“汝为多学而识之，望道而未见也，不一于汝而二于物，故一鼠之啮而为之变也。人能碎千金之璧而不能无失声于破釜，能搏猛虎不能无变色于蜂虿，此不一之患也。言出于汝而忘之耶！”余俛而笑，仰而觉。使童子执笔，记余之作。
黠鼠赋译文及注释
苏子叹了口气说：“真是奇怪啊，这是老鼠的狡猾！（老鼠）被关在袋子里，袋子很坚固、老鼠不能够咬破的。所以（老鼠）是在不能够咬的时候咬破袋子，用假装咬袋子声音来招致人来；在没有死的时候装死，凭借装死的外表求得逃脱。我听说生物中没有比人更有智慧的了。（人)能驯服神龙、刺杀蛟龙、捉取神龟、狩猎麒麟，役使世界上所有的东西然后主宰他们，最终却被一只老鼠利用，陷入这只老鼠的计谋中，吃惊于老鼠从极静到极动的变化中，人的智慧在哪里呢？”
（我）坐下来，闭眼打盹，自己在心里想这件事的原因。好像有人对我说“你只是多学而记住一点知识，但还是离‘道’很远。你自己心里不专心，又受了外界事物的干扰、左右，所以一只老鼠发出叫声就能招引你受它支配，帮它改变困境。人能够在打破价值千金的碧玉时不动声色，而在打破一口锅时失声尖叫；人能够搏取猛虎，可见到蜂蝎时不免变色，这是不专一的结果。这是你早说过的话，忘记了吗？”我俯下身子笑了，仰起身子又醒悟了。（我）于是命令童子拿着笔，记下了我的文章。
注释
黠：狡猾。
啮：咬。
拊：拍。
止：使……停止
橐（tuó）：袋子。
嘐（jiāo）嘐聱（áo）聱：这里是形容老鼠咬物的声音。
见闭：被关闭。见：被 。
发：打开。
索：搜索。
穴：咬洞，这里作动词用。
致：招引。
扰龙伐蛟：扰，驯服。伐，击，刺杀。此处指“擒”。
登龟狩麟：登，捉取。狩，狩猎。
君：统治，这里作动词用。
见使：被役使。
堕：陷入。
脱兔于处女：起初像处女一样沉静（使敌方不做防备）然后像逃跑的兔子一样突然行动，使对方来不及出击，这里指老鼠从静到动的突变。
乌：何，哪里。
虿（chài）：蝎子。
俛（fǔ）：俯下身子。
参考资料：
1、迟文浚，宋绪连．历代赋：广选·新注·集评： 辽宁人民出版社，2001 ：299-301
2、贺新辉．全唐诗鉴赏辞典：中国妇女出版社，1997：2619-2621
黠鼠赋鉴赏
本文是苏轼少年时代写的一篇咏物赋。它寓哲理于趣味之中，可以使读者于诙谐的叙述中获得有益的启示。它就一只老鼠在人面前施展诡计逃脱的事，说明一个道理：人做事心要专一，才不至于被突然事变所左右。《黠鼠赋》，看其表面题旨当是通过黠鼠利GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>用人的疏忽而乘机狡猾脱逃的日常小事，来说明人即使聪明，也须将自身与自然万物合一，否则将“见使于一鼠”的道理。带给我们的启示是：我们应该将自身与自然万物合一，避免将两者区分开来，而游於万物之外。
第一段叙黠鼠橐中啮咬及坠地逃走的始末。在这一段里，作者赋鼠之黠是虚实相因，老鼠出场不多，直赋其形的只是装死、逃跑，但是老鼠之黠却表现得淋漓尽致。这正是通过它的对立面——人来完成的。作者赋鼠之黠，穿插写人，不仅使文章生气勃勃，跌宕起伏，意趣横生，无呆板之迹，更重要的是为咏物寓理做了开拓。
第二段通过分析老鼠骗人逃脱的伎俩，写作者悟出鼠的狡滑，感慨身为万物之灵的人也不免被老鼠所蒙骗。这一段于全篇占有很重要的地位，如果说该文是蓄理于叙事之中，这一段则是由叙事转入说理的桥梁，它起了承上启下的作用。先是由老鼠的行动推想它的动机，足以说明老鼠之“黠”；接着又从人能降四物，可见人比老鼠要高明，但却遭到老鼠的暗算。这就不得不叫作者步水溯源，于是就自然地过渡到下面推原一段，而且显得天衣无缝。
第三段写人为物所用的原因，在于志不凝，心不专。揭示中心：自己不能与自然万物合一，反而受外物左右，这是人被老鼠欺骗的真正原因。这一段是全篇重点之所在。也就是说，作者赋鼠的真正目的在于此。前人谈古文的写作时，谈到“小题大作法”。就以此篇为例，也正是因为一只老鼠引起了一番哲理的阐发。最后两句交待了《黠鼠赋》的写作由来，是有感而发，即事成篇。在收笔之处，作者以平淡之语写来，虽语朴而情真，绾合叙事之始末。从文章布局来看，于人物也有必要的交代，显得特别严谨。结穴处，我们看到苏子、童子为黠鼠而忙碌，与题目《黠鼠赋》又息息相关。
此赋文字简短，仅有二百八十余字。但却洋溢着浓厚的情趣，又渗透着深永的哲理。读之若身临其境，看到了老鼠的一次精彩表演，又好象上了一堂生动有趣的哲学课，真可谓“趣幽旨深”，蓄理在中，耐人寻味。就其思想内容来讲，已远远超出赋鼠本身。它借一只黠鼠利GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>用人的疏忽，狡猾地逃脱的日常小事，引出了一番议论。从而说明一个道理：最有智慧的人类，倘能精神集中，发挥智力，便能搏猛虎，役万物；如果精力分故，懈怠疏忽，就难免不”见使一鼠“，变色于蜂虿。在艺术表现上，最为突出的特点是：趣幽旨深。读此赋，我们首先感觉到的是很有情趣。既有如读寓言的一览欲尽的吸引力，又能启发一个人的推理动机。文章的布局结构也很有特色，首先是叙事与说理的密切结合，叙事为说理张本；其次是人、鼠活动穿插其间，使文情错落，不直不板。
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韩非《
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曾参烹彘》
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陆游《
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点绛唇·采药归来》
苏轼简介
唐代·苏轼的简介
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苏轼（1037－1101），北宋文学家、书画家、美食家。字子瞻，号东坡居士。汉族，四川人，葬于颍昌（今河南省平顶山市郏县）。一生仕途坎坷，学识渊博，天资极高，诗文书画皆精。其文汪洋恣肆，明白畅达，与欧阳修并称欧苏，为“唐宋八大家”之一；诗清新豪健，善用夸张、比喻，艺术表现独具风格，与黄庭坚并称苏黄；词开豪放一派，对后世有巨大影响，与辛弃疾并称苏辛；书法擅长行书、楷书，能自创新意，用笔丰腴跌宕，有天真烂漫之趣，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称宋四家；画学文同，论画主张神似，提倡“士人画”。著有《苏东坡全集》和《东坡乐府》等。
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：
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弘历
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追远钦神烈，匪遥展默思。每因羁庶政，又觉隔多时。
松柏守宫阙，星辰侍礼仪。鼎湖亲卜吉，昌瑞万年基。
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大行皇太后挽词二首
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宋代：
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陈师道
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扶日行黄道，乘云上紫微。
忧劳形末命，恭俭见陈衣。
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摘星岭
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宋代：
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洪适
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披山凿道何崄巇，上摘星汉摩虹霓。七襄终日往曾问，一握去天今可跻。
叱驭已排萝蔓去，下车不复烟云迷。举头此际长安远，愿借六翮凌丹梯。