寿阳曲·别朱帘秀
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元代]:卢挚
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才欢悦,早间别,痛煞煞好难割舍。画船儿载将春去也,空留下半江明月。
寿阳曲·别朱帘秀译文及注释
译文
才享受相逢的喜悦,一霎时又要离别。我心里是那样的悲痛,实在难分又难舍。画船载走了你,也载走了春光,只空空留下让人惆怅不已的半江明月。
注释
双调:宫调名。寿阳曲:曲牌名,又名“落梅风”。
朱帘秀:元代著名女演员,艺名珠帘秀。
早:在词句中往往有“已经”的意思。间别:离别,分手。
痛煞煞:非常痛苦的样子。
将:语气助词。
春:春光,美好的时光。一语双关,亦暗指朱帘秀。
寿阳曲·别朱帘秀创作背景
朱帘秀是元代著名的杂剧女演员,《青楼集》中说她“杂剧为当今独唱独步”。当时的文人如关汉卿、卢挚、冯子振等人都与她有交往,除卢挚此首外,关汉卿有《一枝花·赠朱帘秀》之作。据卢挚此曲推测,他们俩分明有一段情缘,但最终还是分手了。
参考资料:
1、羊春秋 等.元曲鉴赏辞典.上海:上海辞书出版社,1990:54-55
寿阳曲·别朱帘秀鉴赏
此曲的开端,全是活在人们口头的语言。盖作者当时的感情澎湃,不可遏抑,于是脱口而出,不暇推敲,越去粉饰,越有真意;越少做作,越近自然,越能叩开人们的心扉。“才欢悦,早间别,痛煞煞好难割舍”,正是作者的“真”,正是作者“心头舌尖”必欲说出的一句话,因而在感情色彩上特别显得真实、强烈而深刻。“才”字极言欢悦之短促,“早”字极言离别之骤然,两句合在一起,正是古人所说的“别时容易见时难”。从欢乐的相会遽然跌入无情的分离,作者“割舍”时的痛苦心情就可想而知了。“痛煞煞”用口语,越是平易不加修饰,越见出感情的真挚。“好难割舍”四字,虽无人物形态、语言上的具体描写,却将两情依依、久驻难分的一幕,完整地反映了出来。诗词在这种情况下要把语言加工整形一番,不能热辣辣直诉肺腑,而这就是散曲的优势所在了。
化俗为雅,变熟为新,是作曲的一条必须遵循的原则。这支曲子的结尾,在极俗极熟的声口之后,继之以极雅极新的曲辞,使之“俗而不俗,文而不文”。“画船儿载将春去也,空留下半江明月。”固然是从宋人俞国宝的“画船载取春归去,余情付湖水湖烟”(《风入松》)的句意脱化而来,但比起俞作更富韵味,更具形象。作者在《蟾宫曲·醉赠乐府珠帘秀》中有句云:“系行舟谁遣卿卿。”可知当初朱帘秀是乘着船来到此地的。如今,尽管难分难舍,她终于还是再一次跨上了行舟,船儿也终究离开了江岸。作者不忘叙出那是一只“画船”,因为只有这样的船只才能配合美人的风韵。“画船儿”是美的,可惜却越离越远了,而且作者觉得它载走了生活中的美,载走了希望,载走了春天。好像朱帘秀一去,春的温暖,春的明媚,春的生机和活力,都被那只画船儿载走了,于是作者的空虚寂寞、凄凉惆怅之感,便在字里行间强烈地透露出来。末句“空留下半江明月”,进一步从眼下的留存来衬出失落的惨重。李白《黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵》:“孤帆远影碧空尽,唯见长江天际流。”许浑《谢亭送别》:“日暮酒醒人已远,满天风雨下西楼。”关汉卿《四块玉·别情》:“溪又斜,山又遮,人去也。”都是在离人远去的失落之后,借以眼前的景语,且都带有象征的意味。此曲也是一样,作者举目四望,只留下了江上冷清清的月影,在近处的波面上瑟瑟晃漾。“半江明月”除了孤寂感外,还有一种残缺感,它正是作者送别朱帘秀后的残破心灵的反照。
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卢挚(1242-1314),字处道,一字莘老;号疏斋,又号蒿翁。元代涿郡(今河北省涿县)人。至元5年(1268)进士,任过廉访使、翰林学士。诗文与刘因、姚燧齐名,世称“刘卢”、“姚卢”。与白朴、马致远、珠帘秀均有交往。散曲如今仅存小令。著有《疏斋集》(已佚)《文心选诀》《文章宗旨》,传世散曲一百二十首。有的写山林逸趣,有的写诗酒生活,而较多的是“怀古”,抒发对故国的怀念。今人有《卢疏斋集辑存》,《全元散曲》录存其小令。
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