鹦鹉曲·夷门怀古
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元代]：冯子振
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人生只合梁园住，快活煞几个白头父。指他家五辈风流，睡足胭脂坡雨。
〔幺〕说宣和锦片繁华，辇路看元宵去。马行街直转州桥，相国寺灯楼几处。
鹦鹉曲·夷门怀古译文及注释
译文
人生能居住在开封古城，真是一大幸事，你看那几位白发老头，谈笑风生，快乐何似。他们中有的人祖上五代都生活在此，过惯了京城的安稳日子。老头儿们闲话起宋徽宗宣和年间，汴京城花团锦簇，繁华之至。
正月十五日元宵之夜，人们都涌上御街去观赏灯市。从马行街直转至州桥，处处火树银花，耀如白日；更有几处灯楼格外壮观，坐落在那著名的大相国寺。
注释
夷门：战国魏都大梁（今河南开封）的东城门，后遂成为开封城的别称。
梁园：西汉梁孝王刘武所建的园囿，位于今开封市东南。
胭脂坡：唐代长安地名。
宣和：宋徽宗年号，即1119年至1125年。
辇路：天子车驾常经之路。此指汴京御街。
马行街：宋代汴京（今河南开封）地名。州桥：又名汴桥、天汉桥，在汴京御街南，正对皇宫。
相国寺：原为北齐建国寺，宋太宗朝重建，为汴京著名建筑，其中庭两庑可容万人。
参考资料：
1、天下阅读网.鹦鹉曲·夷门怀古
鹦鹉曲·夷门怀古鉴赏
起句“人生只合梁园住”，是模仿唐人张祜的“人生只合扬州死”（《纵游淮南》）的故作奇语。接着，以“几个白头父”的闲谈和回忆，来支持这一结论。这其实就同唐诗的“白头宫女在，闲坐说玄宗”一样，表面上是抚今追昔，实质上却充满了年光飞逝的沧桑之感。
上片出现了“胭脂坡”的地名，这原是唐代长安城中的一处所在。作者移入“夷门”，正是为了影射出此地在北宋时期作为全国都城的事实。同样，“君子之泽，五世而斩”，而曲中强调“他家五辈风流”，这“风流”无疑是属于宋代汴京的全盛时期。换句话说：“白头父”们是在演说和追念前朝，他们虽不是遗民，但父祖辈对于故国的爱国情感却一代代传了下来。这在元代是忌讳的，所以曲中的“快活煞”三字，只是作者使用的障眼法。
白头父谈话的主题是“说宣和”，而且着眼于其时的“锦片繁华”。作为具有典型性的例证表现，是正月十五元宵节的观灯。北宋汴京的元宵灯市，是天下闻名的，其时张灯结彩，火树银花，金吾不禁，连大内前的御街，也任由百姓和行人来往观赏。“辇路”、“马行街”、“州桥”、“相国寺”……“白头父”们如数家珍，表现出强烈的缅怀和神往。“宣和”是“靖康”前的年号，也就是宋徽宗在禅位做太上皇前的最后几年，下距北宋的灭亡已近在咫尺。老父们对他荒政失国的过失未予责备，却津津乐道他在元宵灯节的与民同乐，并以此作为“人生只合梁园住”的一则论据，可从一个侧面反映出元代汉族百姓的民族情绪。“锦片繁华”在作者的时代已成为历史陈迹，诗人“夷门怀古”的用意与心情，可以想见。
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岑参《
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寄宇文判官》
冯子振简介
唐代·冯子振的简介
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