念奴娇·留别辛稼轩
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宋代]：刘过
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知音者少，算乾坤许大，著身何处。直待功成方肯退，何日可寻归路。多景楼前，垂虹亭下，一枕眠秋雨。虚名相误，十年枉费辛苦。
不是奏赋明光，上书北阙，无惊人之语。我自匆忙天未许，赢得衣裾尘土。白璧追欢，黄金买笑，付与君为主。莼鲈江上，浩然明日归去。
念奴娇·留别辛稼轩译文及注释
译文
知音者太少，算算天地之间如此之大，哪里才是我托身之处。我早已下定决心为收复中原建功立业后才肯退隐，但不知何日才到我功成身退的那一天。在这多景楼前，垂虹亭下，卧于床榻，听秋雨淅沥，听着听着也许就睡着了、官位真是误我太深，追求了十年，一切努力都白费了。
我不是没有向朝廷献上辞赋，不是在向朝廷上书献赋时没有惊人之语。可能是我心太急了，皇上只是暂时还没有答应让我做官，所以我现在只落得衣裾上尽是尘土。至于拿出白璧和黄金追欢买笑，都让你担任主角吧，我没法参与了。我像张翰那样产生了莼鲈之思，我决心明天就归隐了。
注释
念奴娇：词牌名，又名“百字令”“酹江月”“大江东去”“湘月”。正体双调一百字，前片四十九字，后片五十一字，各十句四仄韵。
许大：这么大。
著身：安身，立身。
垂虹亭：在太湖东侧的吴江垂虹桥上，桥形环若半月，长若垂虹。
虚名：指官位。
明光：汉代宫殿名，后泛指宫殿。此指朝廷。
北阙：古代宫殿北面的门楼，是臣子等候朝见或上书奏事之处。此处亦指朝廷。
白璧：白玉璧。
君：您，指辛弃疾。
浩然：不可阻遏、无所留恋的样子。
参考资料：
1、蔡践解译．豪放词全鉴：中国纺织出版社，2017.01：209
2、萧东海编著．宋代吉安名家诗词文选：江西高校出版社，2001.12：256
念奴娇·留别辛稼轩创作背景
据《江湖纪闻》记载，刘过与辛弃疾是莫逆之交。宋宁宗嘉泰三年（1203年）左右，刘过因母病告归，辛弃疾知其囊中羞涩，遂买船筹资相送。刘过有感于他的知遇之恩，遂赋词留别，慷慨激昂，向其抒发生平之志，并倾诉自己报国无门的感慨。
参考资料：
1、刘默，陈思思，黄桂月编著．宋词鉴赏大全集（下）：中国华侨出版社，2012.09：548
念奴娇·留别辛稼轩鉴赏
词之开篇，刘过便直抒胸臆。“知音者少，算乾坤许大，着身何处。”词人认为能理解自己心中抱负的知音太少，天地虽大，却没有英雄豪士的立身之地。朝廷偏安江左，作为主战派一员的刘过“上皇帝之书，客诸侯之门”，却始终未得重用，他甚至曾上书宰相，向其陈述恢复中原的方略，却从未被采纳。作为一名有血性的爱国志士，抱负无处施展，理想无法实现，前两句大气磅礴的语势之下，是词人无尽的苍凉和无奈。
“直待功成方肯退，何日可寻归路。”作者感慨，年华已逝，岁月渐老，如果真要等到“功成”才肯“身退”，那不知要等到何时才能归隐。这两句词人直接倾诉，读之甚为苦涩。在文恬武嬉的南宋王朝，主和派手握重权，主战派处处被压制，刘过想要举兵北伐，建功立业实为不易。
接着，词人开始就“着身何处”这个问题展开论述，表达其归隐江湖的理想。“多景楼前，垂虹亭下，一枕眠秋雨”这三句，词人通过想象，抒发自己的感情。作者提到景色壮丽的多景楼和垂虹亭，想象在秋雨中醉眠的乐趣，实际上寄托的是他对归隐生活的渴望，景虚而情实。
词人一直以建功立业为人生目标，最终却枉费十年辛苦。入仕做官，手握实权是举兵恢复中原的第一步，作者胸怀恢复之志，多年努力，却仍未获得一官半职。如今，年事渐高，所以心生幽怨和感慨。十年辛苦之所以被“枉费”，实是因为他不得赏识，报国无门。
“不是奏赋明光，上书北阙，无惊人之语。我自匆忙天未许，赢得衣裾尘土。”作者在此开始解释他报国无门、立身无处的原因。之所以“十年枉费辛苦”，未求得一官半职，并不是因为他没有才华，不能向皇帝呈辞献赋，也不是因为他不能上书北阙，陈述治国安邦的方略，而是因为皇帝不肯赏识、重用他。词人虽然非常积极努力，却奈何“天未许”，最终只“赢得衣裾尘土”，其落魄失意的窘态令人备感心酸。此处语言犀利，怨意颇深。
词人与辛弃疾相聚之时，追欢卖笑；离别之际，不提友情，不言世事，只谈相聚时的美好；“白璧”三句足见二人交情之深。最后，作者用张翰之事来表明其归隐之意。“莼鲈江上，浩然明日归去。”在说尽满腹悲愤牢骚之后，作者提出了别后归隐的意愿。整首词如此结束，主旨严明，辞意俱尽，似水到而渠成。
临别之时，面对友人，人称“天下奇男子”的刘过自述生平抱负，感叹怀才不遇，倾吐满腹悲愤。整首词慷慨激昂，风格粗犷，狂逸之中又饶有俊致，感染力极强。
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赠陈商》
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辛弃疾《
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洞仙歌·丁卯八月病中作》
刘过简介
唐代·刘过的简介
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刘过（1154～1206）南宋文学家，字改之，号龙洲道人。吉州太和（今江西泰和县）人，长于庐陵（今江西吉安），去世于江苏昆山，今其墓尚在。四次应举不中，流落江湖间，布衣终身。曾为陆游、辛弃疾所赏，亦与陈亮、岳珂友善。词风与辛弃疾相近，抒发抗金抱负狂逸俊致，与刘克庄、刘辰翁享有“辛派三刘”之誉，又与刘仙伦合称为“庐陵二布衣”。有《龙洲集》、《龙洲词》。
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倪岳
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五代悠悠转盻间，安荣不动却如山。但知长乐全身地，大节孤忠总是闲。