诏追赴都二月至灞亭上
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唐代]：柳宗元
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十一年前南渡客，四千里外北归人。
诏书许逐阳和至，驿路开花处处新。
诏追赴都二月至灞亭上译文及注释
译文
于永贞元年九月诗人被贬永州，如今北归走了四千里，从永州回到了长安。
朝廷下诏许可在暖和的春天返回京城，在回途的官道上两旁处处开放了新花。
注释
灞(ba坝)亭：灞水边上的驿亭。灞水在长安城东二十里，驿亭是古代供行旅途中休息的地方。
十一年前：指公元八前。五年诗人被贬离开长安的时间。南渡：指被贬到永州。
四千里外：永州北距长安约四千里。四千里：《旧唐书·地理志》：“江南西道永州，在京师南三千二百七十心里。”这里说“四千”，是举其成数。
许：许可。
逐：跟随。
阳和：暖和的春天。
驿路：官道，古时供传车、驿马通行，沿途设有驿站。
参考资料：
1、高学良．通信典故：人民邮电出版社，1986年06月
诏追赴都二月至灞亭上创作背景
柳宗元在公元八一五年初被唐宪宗从永州召回。进入长安前，他在灞亭上写了这首诗，表达了他渴望能重新得到重用、实现革新理想的政治热情。
参考资料：
1、中国人民解放军五二九六一部队 河北师范学院中文系．法家诗歌选析：河北人民出版社，1976年04月
诏追赴都二月至灞亭上鉴赏
头两句是说，11年前被贬于4000里外的永州，此时终于回来了，语含喜悦，也有感慨。后两句借用景物来描写回京路上的欢快心情。春光，鲜花，是实景，但也是作者心理状态的反映。这样借景抒情比直接叙述更加生动，真切。末句“处处新”三字用得精当，值得好好体味。
“十一年前南渡客，四千里外北归人”。这里看来是对事实的描述，其实精炼地概括了诗人复杂和激动的情感。其中包含着他对当年遭受贬斥的愤懑，对长期放逐生活的回忆，以及重回长安时的激动心情。交集的百感凝聚在诗句的朴素描绘之中，增强了抒情力量。
“诏书”使他伴随着温暖的春天一同回到长安来，路上的景物明媚喜人。“诏书许逐阳和至，驿路开花处处新”，朝廷诏返京城，又是红这阳春季节，驿路上花开簇簇，既清新又温暖，此时面对此景，再有一步就可迈入长安东城门的诗人不能不深感激动、喜悦，激动、喜悦而不明说，仅用“处处新”三字来见意，便胜过了万语千言。因此“驿路开花处处新”，这是诗人自己精神状态的写照，反映出诗人的愉快心情和愿望。这是写花，更是写人，是将人的情意寄托于花，又由花来表人之情意，含蓄蕴藉而不失自然流转，堪称得体。
然而儒法两条路线的斗争是不可调和的，事实上，顽固保守势力并没有放松对他的打击，他回到长安后所得到的却是再一次贬逐。所以，诗篇在抒发他的战斗理想的同时，也表现出他对大地主顽固派的反动本质缺乏认识，对顽固派头子唐宪宗始终存有幻想，反映出诗人自己的阶级局限性。
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礼部贡院阅进士试》
柳宗元简介
唐代·柳宗元的简介
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柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，唐代河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。
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