酬娄秀才寓居开元寺早秋月夜病中见寄
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唐代]：柳宗元
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客有故园思，潇湘生夜愁。
病依居士室，梦绕羽人丘。
味道怜知止，遗名得自求。
壁空残月曙，门掩候虫秋。
谬委双金重，难征杂佩酬。
碧霄无枉路，徒此助离忧。
酬娄秀才寓居开元寺早秋月夜病中见寄译文及注释
译文
寓居寺院挡不住思乡的感情，潇湘之夜又勾起愁思绵绵。
病卧寺庙却仍然一心向“道”，羽人国常在你梦里绵延。
体悟大道而喜爱“知止不殆”的嘉训，遗失名利去追求更高的境界。
残月微光映照着空壁石岩，虚掩门扉等候秋虫入室长鸣。
承蒙厚爱，赠与我黄金一般贵重的诗作,欲酬杂佩，却使我羞愧汗颜。
碧天云霄，本没有来去之路，就让我写下这首诗消除离人忧怨。
注释
⑴娄秀才：即娄图南。
⑵客：指娄图南。何焯《义门读书记》：“谓娄将入道也”。
⑶潇湘：陶岳《零陵总记》“潇水在永州西三十步，（出）自道州营道县九疑山中。湘水在永州北十里，出自桂林阳海山中。至零陵北与潇水合。二水……自零陵合流谓之潇湘，故零陵亦有‘潇湘’之称。”
⑷居士室：指娄图南所居开元寺的房舍。慧远《维摩义记》：“居士有二：一、广积资产，居财之士，名为居士；二、在家修道，居家道士，名为居士。”当时，娄图南寓居开元寺修道，故称之为“居士”。
⑸羽人丘：传说中的羽人国。据《山海经》说：“有羽人之国，不死之民，或人得道身生羽毛也……丹丘昼夜常明。”。章士钊《柳文指要之部》卷二十五说：“子厚尝作《梦归赋》，不梦则已，梦则思归，而娄梦羽人之丘，则其入道之志坚矣。”
⑹道：揣摩、品味“中道”之说。《后汉书·申屠蟠传》：“安贫乐潜，味道守真。”知止，《老子》：“知足不辱，知止不殆”。
⑺壁：一作“堂”。曙：光亮。
⑻候虫秋：秋虫入室鸣叫。《诗经·豳风·七月》：“七月在野，八月在宇，九月在户，十月蟋蟀入我床下。”
⑼双金：一对金杯。环佩：环形的佩玉。委金酬佩，是指柳娄二人唱和应答。
⑽离忧：离人之忧。
参考资料：
1、酬娄秀才寓居开元寺早秋月夜病中见寄
酬娄秀才寓居开元寺早秋月夜病中见寄创作背景
此诗写于元和十年（815）秋。元和七年（812），娄图南途经永州，寓居永州城南二里的开元寺。当时柳宗元心情悒郁，遇见娄便一见如故，常来开元寺与娄探讨佛理，聊以自慰。娄图南一度生病，曾有诗给柳宗元叙说病中的寂寞，柳复诗为其宽解。
酬娄秀才寓居开元寺早秋月夜病中见寄鉴赏
此诗的前二句就为全诗奠定了感情基调：愁怨忧思。娄图南常年飘零在外，羁旅天涯，今又客居他乡，难免不生愁绪。这一“思”一“愁”，既抒发了情感，又点明了娄的部分病因。三、四句“梦绕羽人丘”，进一步剖析娄病的主要原因。原来，娄整日魂牵梦绕的是如何入道，虽然被称为“居士”，也“将入道”，但终究还没有入道，个中滋味，常人很难了解，只有诗人深谙其中奥秘。诗的前四句，诗人不仅摹写其状，更主要的是通过娄病这一情形的描摹观照娄的内心，为下文劝勉娄图南做了铺垫。
诗的五、六句为诗人劝勉之句。娄图南甘于清贫，乐于求道，并为入道孜孜以求，文才“传咏都中”之名已丧失殆尽。要想找回“遗名”，诗人给他指出一条正确的途径：“得自求”。两句中一“怜”一“得”，表明了诗人鲜明的态度。诗人在《娄图南秀才游淮南将入道序》中指出：“（娄）为处士，吾以为非时也……以图寿为道，又非吾之所谓道也。”并针对娄图南“以呼嘘为食，咀嚼为神，无事为闲，不死为生”之道，发出激问：“……其于道何如也？”
“壁空残月曙，门掩候虫秋”两句，勾画了一幅独守残月空壁、候虫入室长鸣的清幽愁伤的楚地秋夜图：天上悬挂着弯弯残月，透着星许亮光。月光下，寺院幽寂，寺门虚掩，石壁空空，秋虫“唧唧”。这里有残月的微光，秋虫的长鸣，声光俱见，情景交融。此情此景，不禁使人愁肠百结、思绪绵绵。这两句历来被后来的诗人学者所推崇。
诗的最后四句既是劝慰之句，又是抒怀之言。作为朋友，应礼尚往来。娄图南“委以双金”，诗人却很难酬以杂佩。这当然是诗人的谦逊之辞。对娄一心只想羽人飞天，诗人郑重指出：“碧霄无枉路”，意即无碧天云霄的来去之路，求道的结果也只会是“徒此助离忧”，奉劝娄不要继续迷恋于入道，应清醒过来，奉行“君子之道”。
全诗以“愁思”开头，以“离忧”结尾。从表面上看，诗人是写娄图南的忧愁情怀。其实只要联系柳宗元贬永十年的非凡遭遇，就不难发现，诗人也是在抒写自己的“愁思”、“离忧”。
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杜牧《
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早雁》
柳宗元简介
唐代·柳宗元的简介
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柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，唐代河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。
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题大姚山图三首 其二
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宋代：
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米友仁
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老年尚喜管城子，更爱好山江上青。武林秋高晓欲雨，正若此画云冥冥。