北上行
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唐代]：李白
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北上何所苦？北上缘太行。
磴道盘且峻，巉岩凌穹苍。
马足蹶侧石，车轮摧高冈。
沙尘接幽州，烽火连朔方。
杀气毒剑戟，严风裂衣裳。
奔鲸夹黄河，凿齿屯洛阳。
前行无归日，返顾思旧乡。
惨戚冰雪里，悲号绝中肠。
尺布不掩体，皮肤剧枯桑。
汲水涧谷阻，采薪陇坂长。
猛虎又掉尾，磨牙皓秋霜。
草木不可餐，饥饮零露浆。
叹此北上苦，停骖为之伤。
何日王道平，开颜睹天光？
北上行译文及注释
译文
北上之苦，是因为上太行山之故。
太行山上的履道盘曲险峻，悬岩峭壁，上凌苍天。
马足为侧石所蹶，车轮为高冈所催，真是行路难啊。
况且从幽州到朔方，战尘不断，峰火连天。
剑戟闪耀着杀气，寒风吹裂了衣裳。
安史叛军像奔鲸一样夹着黄河，像凿齿一样屯居着洛阳。
前行无有归日，回首眷思故乡。
在冰天雪地中挣扎，哭天悲地，痛绝肝肠。
身上衣不掩体，皮肤粗如枯桑。
想去汲些水来，又被洞谷所阻；想去采些柴来烧，又苦于山高路远。
更何况在山中还可能遇到磨牙掉尾的老虎，时时有生命之危。
山上仅有草木，打不到吃的东西，饥渴之时，唯有饮些麟水。
叹此北上之苦，只有停车为之悲伤。
何时才能天下太平，使人一消愁颜，重见天光啊？
注释
北上行：乐府古题。《乐府解题》曰：“晋乐奏魏武帝《北上篇》，备言冰雪溪谷之苦。其后或谓之《北上行》，盖因武帝辞而拟之也。”
缘：沿着。太行：山名，在今山两与河北之间。北起拒马河谷南至黄河北岸，绵延千里。
瞪道：有石阶的山道。
蹶：跌倒。
幽州：地名，在今北京市一带，为安禄山三镇节度使府所在地。
朔方：地名，在今山西西北部朔县一带。
毒：凝成。
严风：严冬的寒风。
奔鲸：奔驰的长鲸，喻指安禄山叛军。鲸，古喻不义之人。
凿齿：传说中的猛兽，比喻安禄山。
剧：甚。
陇坂：本指陇山，此指山之陇冈坡坂。
掉尾：摇尾。
零露浆：树上滴下的露水。
骖：驾在车前两侧的马。
王道平：谓天下太平。《尚书·洪范》：“王道平平。”
参考资料：
1、詹福瑞 等．李白诗全译．石家庄：河北人民出版社，1997：197-199
2、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010：138-139
北上行创作背景
这首诗写于唐肃宗至德初年安史之乱爆发初期，当时安禄山攻占洛阳，给人民带来了沉重的灾难。
参考资料：
1、詹福瑞 等．李白诗全译．石家庄：河北人民出版社，1997：197-199
2、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010：138-139
北上行鉴赏
魏武帝曹操有《苦寒行》，又名《北上篇》，概取诗首句“北上太行山”首二字“北上”名篇。李白此诗盖取曹诗之旨，写安史之乱爆发后北方备受叛军蹂躏的苦难状况。全诗格调低沉、苍凉，极富感染力。
此诗以巧妙的设问开篇：“北上何所苦？”为找到答案，诗人以沉痛的心情审视难民们绕行的太行山：“北上缘太行”，找到这因自然环境而致的第一个原因：山高路陡，车马难行。随即又放眼广阔的政治背景：诗人找到了迫使人们迁徙的战乱这一社会问题，是为另一个原因。虽然明了“何所苦”的原因，诗人却无力为他们排解，只能以更加沉痛的笔触描绘那悲惨的情景。从“前行无归日”到“饥饮零露浆”十二句，诗人描述了“北上行”人们的惨状。接着诗人发出了长叹，停下马车，不忍再看，仰天狂呼：
这首诗笔触极为细致，追本溯源，刨根究底，描绘灾民图时由环境而哭声，由哭声而身体，由身体而行动，莫不穷形尽相，给人以极深的印象。此时诗人对月挥杯的飘逸、抽刀断水的豪迈，统统不见了，代之而起的是两眼含泪的悲哀与深切的同情。
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王粲《
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七哀诗三首·其三》
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王褒《
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关山月》
李白简介
唐代·李白的简介
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李白（701年－762年），字太白，号青莲居士，唐朝浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”。祖籍陇西成纪(待考)，出生于西域碎叶城，4岁再随父迁至剑南道绵州。李白存世诗文千余篇，有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝，享年61岁。其墓在今安徽当涂，四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。
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