逢病军人
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唐代]：卢纶
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逢病军人译文及注释
译文
军人在行军途中经常患病，住宿时又没有粮食吃。在万里归乡的途中，奔波不息，至今还未回到自己的家乡。
在这生病之际，他头发蓬乱，在古城下哀吟，身上的刀箭伤口被寒风一吹，如刀割一般，实在令人难以忍受。
注释
病军人：受伤的兵士。
行多：指行路多，这里指行程长。有病：一作“无方”。
蓬鬓（bìn）：散乱的头发。鬓，头发。吟：呻吟。长城：秦时修筑的古代军事工程，用来防止匈奴入侵。此处泛指古城墙。
不堪：不能忍受。秋气：秋天的寒风。金疮（chuāng）：中医指刀箭等金属器械造成的伤口。
参考资料：
1、许明善．唐宋边塞诗词选粹．兰州：甘肃人民出版社，1986：122-123
2、廖仲安．边塞诗派选集：首都师范大学出版社，1994年01月第1版：142-143
3、刘凤泉．中国历代军旅诗三百首鉴赏．济南：山东友谊出版社，1999：287-288
4、王文金．新编千家诗之三·咏秋古诗百首．郑州：海燕出版社，1986：97-98
逢病军人创作背景
诗人游塞北时，与一个患病军人返乡途中所遇，想到伤兵退伍的命运后而写下这首诗。诗的具体创作年份不详。
参考资料：
1、萧涤非 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：695-696
逢病军人鉴赏
此诗写一个伤病退伍在还乡途中的军人，从诗题看可能是以作者目睹的生活事件为依据。诗人用集中描画、加倍渲染的手法，着重塑造人物的形象。诗中的这个伤兵退伍后，他很快就发觉等待着他的仍是悲惨的命运。“行多”，已不免疲乏；加之“有病”，对赶路的人就越发难堪了。病不能行，便引出“住”意。然而住又谈何容易，离军即断了给养，长途跋涉中，干粮已尽。“无粮”的境况下多耽一天多受一天罪。第一句只短短七字，写出“病军人”的三重不堪，将其行住两难、进退无路的凄惨处境和盘托出，这就是“加倍”手法的妙用。第二句承上句“行”字，进一步写人物处境。分为两层。“万里还乡”是“病军人”的目的和希望。尽管家乡也不会有好运等着他，但狐死首丘，叶落归根，对于“病军人”不过是得愿死于乡里而已。虽然“行多”，但家乡远隔万里，未行之途必更多。就连死于乡里那种可怜的愿望怕也难以实现呢。这就使“未到乡”三字充满难言的悲愤、哀怨，令读者为之酸鼻。这里，“万里还乡”是不幸之幸，对于诗情是一纵；然而“未到乡”，又是“喜”尽悲来，对于诗情是一擒。由于这种擒纵之致，使诗句读来一唱三叹，低回不尽。
诗的前两句未直接写人物外貌。只闻其声，不见其人。然而由于加倍渲染与唱叹，人物形象已呼之欲出。在前两句铺垫的基础上，第三句进而刻画人物外貌，就更鲜明突出，有如雕像被安置在适当的环境中。“蓬鬓”二字，极生动地再现出一个疲病冻饿、受尽折磨的人物形象。“哀吟”直接是因为病饿的缘故，尤其是因为创伤发作的缘故。“病军人”负过伤（“金疮”），适逢“秋气”已至，气候变坏，于是旧伤复发。从这里又可知道其衣着的单薄、破敝，不能御寒。于是，第四句又写出了三重“不堪”。此外还有一层未曾明白写出而读者不难意会，那就是“病军人”常恐死于道路、弃骨他乡的内心绝望的痛苦。正由于有交加于身心两方面的痛苦，才使其“哀吟”令人不忍卒闻。这样一个“蓬鬓哀吟”的伤兵形象，作者巧妙地把他放在一个“古城”的背景下，其形容的憔悴，处境的孤凄，无异十倍加。使人感到他随时都可能像蚂蚁一样在城边死去。
这样，通过加倍手法，有人物刻划，也有背景的烘托，把“病军人”饥、寒、疲、病、伤的苦难集中展现，它客观上是对社会的控诉，也流露出诗人对笔下人物的深切同情。
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李白《
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经乱后将避地剡中留赠崔宣城》
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张蠙《
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吊万人冢》
卢纶简介
唐代·卢纶的简介
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卢纶（约737-约799），字允言，唐代诗人，大历十才子之一，汉族，河中蒲（今山西省永济县）人。天宝末举进士，遇乱不第；代宗朝又应举， 屡试不第。大历六年，宰相元载举荐，授阌乡尉；后由王缙荐为集贤学士，秘书省校书郎，升监察御史。出为陕府户曹、河南密县令。后元载、王缙获罪，遭到牵连。德宗朝复为昭应令，又任河中浑瑊元帅府判官，官至检校户部郎中。有《卢户部诗集》。
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