赠别前蔚州契苾使君
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唐代]：李商隐
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何年部落到阴陵，奕世勤王国史称。
夜卷牙旗千帐雪，朝飞羽骑一河冰。
蕃儿襁负来青冢，狄女壶浆出白登。
日晚鹂鹈泉畔猎，路人遥识郅都鹰。
赠别前蔚州契苾使君译文及注释
译文
是在哪个时代契芯部落来到了阴陵，世世代代为朝廷效力，在青史上留下英名。
雪压千帐的寒夜营前的大旗迎风飘卷，军情紧急的清晨，传书的军骑越河踏冰。
西蕃的男儿背负着小孩来青冢归附，北狄的姑娘用瓦壶盛酒到白登劳军。
在黄昏时节你来到碎鸟鹈泉边打猎，路上的行人远远就认出你这位郅都鹰。
注释
蔚州：今山西灵丘县。契蓝使君：蔚州刺史契苏通。诗题下作者自注：“使君远祖，国初功臣也。”契芯通是铁勒族契蕊部落人，贞观六年，契蕊通五世祖契芯何力，率部归顺唐王朝，以后又立有大功，封凉国公。
阴陵：阴山。契芯何力归唐后，曾移居阴山。
奕世：累世。勤王：为朝廷效力。
“夜卷”二句：意为契芯家族为国东征西讨，作战勇敢，立有赫赫战功。
襁负：背着小孩。青冢：王昭君墓，此处泛指内蒙古呼和浩特市一带。
白登：白登山，在今大同市东。此二句意为契苏通所到之处，深受各部族老幼妇女的欢迎。
鹧鹈泉：在今内蒙古五原县。
郅都：西汉景帝时人，任雁门太守时，威震匈奴。
参考资料：
1、华锋，曾广开，常平，姚小鸥，宋木铎，韩向东，李颖编著,．唐代名家诗选：海南出版社，1994.10：第916页
2、李淼著．李商隐诗三百首译赏：长春出版社，1990.12：第55页
赠别前蔚州契苾使君创作背景
会昌三年（843），大唐军队破回鹘于黑山。契蓝通奉诏赴天德（现在的河套地区），故义山由诗送之。
参考资料：
1、吕来好编著．古代送别诗词三百首：中国国际广播出版社，2014.09：第152页
赠别前蔚州契苾使君鉴赏
这首送别契瑟通出征的诗，以“奕世勤王”为中心，历叙契葱部落内附后与唐朝廷的友好关系，表彰契菇氏历代勤王的功绩及其对促进北方边疆地区少数民族和睦相处的作用，
首联用设问起手，总叙铁勒部落归附唐王朝和为朝廷效力的历史：“奕世勤王国史称”，这是朝廷对契瑟一门的评价，也表达了诗人的赞誉之情。
颔联二句的大意说，在雪盖千帐的寒夜，掩旗突袭敌军，在冰封河流的早晨，率兵涉冰飞越：写的是契菇通五世祖契葱何力当年勤王的事迹：这里诗人虚拟铺排，选择早晨、夜晚两个典型时间，掩旗夜袭和朝飞冰河两个典型场面，着力强调契菇骑兵行动的迅急和作战的神勇。诗人强调这点有其现实意义：因为当时诸藩镇口称勤王，却多拥兵自重，养寇固恩，即使进兵，也多是徘徊观望，牵延不进。诗人在这里称赞当年契瑟氏勤王之日夜兼程，迅急神勇，一则是对当时藩镇一种婉转的批判，二则是勉励契菇通仿效乃祖，效忠朝廷，再展契菇氏之雄风。
接着颈联二句，转写现实，契菇通此次出兵勤王，深得北方少数民族拥护，纷纷背着幼儿前来归附，箪食壶浆表示欢迎÷诗人用具体的画面，写出了少数民族广大群众支持拥护这场抵御外族入侵的战争，这就点出了这场战争的正义性质。这对正在出师勤王、捍卫边塞的契菇通来说无异是一种强有力的支持和鼓励，同时这也是我国各族人民和睦相处、共同御侮的历史证物。
尾联借出猎隐指对回鹘作战，意思是说契菇通傍晚出猎鹭鹈泉畔，路人在很远的地方看到他所放的鹰，就知道这位苍鹰式的人物出现了。这里以郅都比契瑟通。“鹰”字双关，既关合上句“猎”字，又喻契菇通正如号称“苍鹰”的郅都，为回鹘所畏惮，一明一暗，一喻物一喻人，关合得异常巧妙。
总而言之。这首诗声华既壮，骨力也足以相副，末联“郅都鹰”、给人以勇悍威严的印象。由于腹联已写了他获得了“蕃儿”、“狄女”的拥户和欢迎，则其威严又是和兄弟民族的关怀和友爱相结合的，从而表现出一位既得到各部落爱戴，又令敌人畏惮的出身于少数民族的边防太守形象。
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张巡《
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闻笛》
李商隐简介
唐代·李商隐的简介
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李商隐，字义山，号玉溪（谿）生、樊南生，唐代著名诗人，祖籍河内（今河南省焦作市）沁阳，出生于郑州荥阳。他擅长诗歌写作，骈文文学价值也很高，是晚唐最出色的诗人之一，和杜牧合称“小李杜”，与温庭筠合称为“温李”，因诗文与同时期的段成式、温庭筠风格相近，且三人都在家族里排行第十六，故并称为“三十六体”。其诗构思新奇，风格秾丽，尤其是一些爱情诗和无题诗写得缠绵悱恻，优美动人，广为传诵。但部分诗歌过于隐晦迷离，难于索解，至有“诗家总爱西昆好，独恨无人作郑笺”之说。因处于牛李党争的夹缝之中，一生很不得志。死后葬于家乡沁阳（今河南焦作市沁阳与博爱县交界之处）。作品收录为《李义山诗集》。
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