答柳恽
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南北朝]：吴均
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清晨发陇西，日暮飞狐谷。
秋月照层岭，寒风扫高木。
雾露夜侵衣，关山晓催轴。
君去欲何之？参差间原陆。
一见终无缘，怀悲空满目。
答柳恽译文及注释
译文
在天刚破晓的时分，就从陇西出发飞奔；要于夕阳落山之前，赶到狐谷客店安身。
金秋皓月当空照，凉气充满万山林；西风呼啸连日不停，折断高树扬起沙尘。
雾气漾漾露水成珠，寒气袭来侵入衣襟；千山万岭道路崎岖，天咧即走何等艰辛。
您这次远去他乡，是要到哪里扎根？高原平地参差错落，相距遥远颠簸难行。
从今以后各一方，无缘用范太伤心；我胸怀离愁别恨，满目凄然暗昏昏。
注释
柳恽：字文畅，河东解今山西省西南部人，工诗，善尺牍。
陇西：郡名，在今甘肃省内。
飞狐谷：关名，在今河北涞源县。
层岭：重重山岭。
扫：扫落树叶。高木：高大的树木。
催轴：催促行车。轴，车轴，这里指车轮的转动。
之：到，往。
间：间隔。原陆：原野大地。
缘：机会，缘分。
空：空自，徒然。
参考资料：
1、王守华 赵山 吴进仁．汉魏六朝诗一百首：上海古籍出版社，176页
2、吕晴飞 李观鼎．中国历代名诗今译：中国妇女出版社，1991年：458页
答柳恽创作背景
这首诗是吴均赠予好友柳恽的。当时柳恽任吴兴太守，离职时曾写有《赠吴均三首》赠给作者吴均，作者吴均作此诗予以回赠。
参考资料：
1、蔡景仙．汉魏诗词鉴赏：内蒙古人民出版社，2008年：48页
答柳恽鉴赏
“清晨”二句是应柳诗“夕宿飞狐关，晨登碛砾坂”而来，设想分手之后，柳恽的行色匆匆，日夜兼程。“陇西”是郡的名称，在今甘肃省陇西县，“飞狐谷”即柳恽诗中所说的“飞狐关”，是古代的要塞关隘，在今河北省涞源县，北跨蔚县界，古称“飞狐之口”。这两句举出两个遥远的地名，极言柳恽所去之地的辽远。“陇西”与“飞狐谷”相去不啻数千里，但这里说朝发夕至，自是夸张之辞，形容柳恽的行旅匆忙，道途艰险。这两句中用两个具体的地名，给读者以实在的感受；同时它又是想像的、夸张的，用了虚写的手法，由虚实的结合，令诗意更为明朗而形象。
“秋月照层岭”四句想象柳恽旅途中的景象与经历，极言其风霜雾露之苦。秋月照在层层的高岭之上，令人感到凄清而幽冷，寒风吹拂着高高的树木，枯黄的树叶纷纷飘零。“扫”字下得极有力，使人想见寒风阵阵，木叶尽脱的景象，渲染出了边地秋天的萧杀气氛。因为是夜行，所以说雾露侵湿了衣衫，经过一夜的旅途颠顿，至天色拂晓时分，关山才在晨曦中露出了它峥嵘的面貌，似乎在催促着行人快快前去。这里的“月”、“风”、“雾露”等天象与“层岭”、“高木”、“关山”等景物结合起来构成了索莫而壮阔的画面，“侵衣”、“催轴”则将人点缀其中，一幅“关山行旅图”宛然在目，柳恽旅途的艰险与辽远于此可见。
“君去欲何之”以下四句写自己由分别而引起的悲哀。“君去”两句以设问的形式说明友人远去，去向那参差起伏的高原和平陆之间，正因为路途遥远，因而最后说，今后会面恐不容易，旧时情景虽历历在目，然也只是徒增悲伤，空怀追忆而已。以“君去欲何之”一问从描写行旅而过渡到抒怀，极为自然。“参差”二字描写高原平陆，也很形象，最后落实到送友，别情离绪，油然而生。
吴均是描写山水的能手，他的诗文多模山范水之作，风格清新挺拔，此诗描述离情，却能从想象中的旅况落笔，构思巧妙。诗中刻画山川阻隔，风露凄凉，形象而准确，体现了诗人描摹自然物象的本领。同时，诗的炼意炼字也都相当著力，如“寒风扫高木”之“扫”字，“雾露夜侵衣”之“侵”字，“关山晓催轴”之“催”字，都是锤炼得之，开了后代诗中“字眼”的风气，令读者想象出旅途中的风霜之苦，行程的匆遽无息，由此加强了诗的感染力，令离愁别绪更有了基础，“一见终无缘，怀悲空满目”，就不是无病呻吟了。
吴均的诗文后人以为“清拔有古气”（《南史》本传），即指出他的诗貌似信手写来，却不乏清新劲拔之气。此诗的描述中就可见既遒练清劲，又古朴自然的风格，全诗一气流走，似行云流水，自然写来，却不乏匠心，所以被后人视为一首成功的惜别之作。
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辛弃疾《
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一剪梅·游蒋山呈叶丞相》
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李商隐《
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日日》
吴均简介
唐代·吴均的简介
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吴均（469年－520年），字叔庠。南朝梁史学家，文学家，时官吴兴主簿。明人辑有《吴朝清集》。
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