书哀
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宋代]：梅尧臣
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天既丧我妻，又复丧我子！
两眼虽未枯，片心将欲死。
雨落入地中，珠沉入海底。
赴海可见珠，掘地可见水。
唯人归泉下，万古知已矣！
拊膺当问谁，憔悴鉴中鬼。
书哀译文及注释
译文
老天爷已经夺走我的爱妻，又夺走了我的儿子。
两眼虽然还没有哭干，可悲的是我心已经枯死。
雨滴掉下来落进土地，珍珠被沉没埋在海底。
但是到海里就能找回珍珠，想寻找落下的雨也可以掘地。
只有人死去葬在九泉，从古以来就知道再没有希冀。
我悲痛地捶着胸膛又去向谁发问，只看见镜中憔悴得鬼一样的自己。
注释
枯：这里指眼泪哭干。
心死：悲痛到极点。
泉下：黄泉之下。
拊膺（fǔ yīng）：捶胸，表示哀痛。膺，胸膛。
鉴：镜子。
参考资料：
1、霍松林．宋诗鉴赏辞典：上海辞书出版社，1987：89-90
2、郁贤皓．中国古代文学作品选 第四卷 宋辽金部分：高等教育出版社，2003：12-13
书哀创作背景
庆历四年（1044），梅尧臣自湖州入汴京，舟行途中，妻子谢氏不幸病故，给诗人精神上以沉重打击：“结发为夫妇，于今十七年。相看犹不足，何况是长捐！”（《悼亡》）祸不单行，不久，次子十十（乳名）也亡故。眼看贤妻爱子接连去世，诗人不胜悲痛。《书哀》就是在这种境况中写成的。
参考资料：
1、霍松林．宋诗鉴赏辞典：上海辞书出版社，1987：89-90
书哀鉴赏
诗一开篇就直书贤妻爱子接连去世这段个人哀史。前两句完全是直白式：“天既丧我妻，又复丧我子。”这里没有“彼苍者天，歼我良人”一样的激楚呼号，却有一种痛定思痛的木然的神情。人在深哀巨痛之中，往往百端交集，什么也说不出。“既丧······又复丧······”，这种复叠递进的语式，传达的正是一种莫可名状的痛苦。诗人同一时期所作《悼子》诗说：“迩来朝哭妻，泪落襟袖湿；又复夜哭子，痛并肝肠入。”正是“两眼虽未枯”的注脚。这与杜甫《新安吏》中“眼枯即见骨，天地终无情”的名句相似，而意味更深。《庄子》中说：“哀莫大于心死。”而诗人这时感到的正是“片心将欲死”。
说“将欲死”，亦即心尚未死，可见诗人还迷惘着：既美且贤的妻子、活蹦乱跳的儿子就这样一去不返了。他不敢相信，可又不得不信。这里诗人用了两个连贯的比喻：“雨落入地中，珠沉入海底”，雨落难收，珠沉难求，都是比喻人的一去不复返。仅这样写并不足奇，奇在后文推开一步，说“赴海可见珠，掘地可见水”，又用物的可以失而复得，反衬人的不可复生。这一反复，就形象地说明了诗人的悲痛。他的损失，是不可比拟的，也是无法弥补的。同时句下还隐含这样的意味，即诗人非常希望人死后也能重逢。
然而，事实是不可能的，“他生未卜此生休”。故以下紧接说：这并不全然是理智上的判断，其间含有情感上的疑惑。到底是不是这样，无人能够回答他的问题。“附膺当问谁”，诗人只好对镜自问了。“憔悴鉴中鬼”正是他在镜中看到的自己的影子，由于忧伤过度而形容枯槁，有类于“鬼”，连他自己也认不出自己来了。最末两句传神地写出诗人神思恍惚，对镜发楞，而喁喁独语的情态。
《书哀》一诗主要用赋法，间以独特的比喻。诗人将一己的深哀巨痛，用最朴素凝炼的语句表现出来，颇能传神写照，感人肺腑。
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白居易《
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哭刘尚书梦得二首》
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黄庭坚《
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千秋岁·苑边花外》
梅尧臣简介
唐代·梅尧臣的简介
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梅尧臣（1002～1060）字圣俞，世称宛陵先生，北宋著名现实主义诗人。汉族，宣州宣城（今属安徽）人。宣城古称宛陵，世称宛陵先生。初试不第，以荫补河南主簿。50岁后，于皇祐三年（1051）始得宋仁宗召试，赐同进士出身，为太常博士。以欧阳修荐，为国子监直讲，累迁尚书都官员外郎，故世称“梅直讲”、“梅都官”。曾参与编撰《新唐书》，并为《孙子兵法》作注，所注为孙子十家著（或十一家著）之一。有《宛陵先生集》60卷，有《四部丛刊》影明刊本等。词存二首。
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谢混游西池，休文宿东园。
我曾醉卧君园里，至今魂梦犹腾翻。