南乡子·细雨湿流光
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五代]：冯延巳
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细雨湿流光，芳草年年与恨长。烟锁凤楼无限事，茫茫。鸾镜鸳衾两断肠。
魂梦任悠扬，睡起杨花满绣床。薄悻不来门半掩，斜阳。负你残春泪几行。
南乡子·细雨湿流光译文及注释
译文
细雨霏霏，浸湿了光阴，芳草萋萋，年复一年，与离恨一起生长。凤楼深深，多少情事如烟，封存在记忆之中。恍如隔世呦，望着饰有鸾鸟图案的铜镜，绣着鸳鸯的锦被，思念往事，寸断肝肠。
梦魂，信马由缰，千里飘荡，魂回梦觉，蓦然见杨花点点，飘满绣床。薄情负心的人呀，我半掩闺门，你却迟迟不来，夕阳西下，眼看辜负了三春的良辰美景，洒下清淡的泪珠几行。
注释
流光：流动，闪烁的光采。
凤楼：即凤台、秦楼，语本《列仙传》秦穆公之女弄玉所 居之楼，尝引来凤凰。此处指妆楼。
鸾镜：妆镜的美称。
薄悻：薄情郎。
参考资料：
1、徐培均 ．婉约词萃 ：华东师范大学出版社 ，2000年7月1日 ：25-26 ．
南乡子·细雨湿流光创作背景
这是首闺怨词，冯延巳用闺情以自抒己怨望之情，同时摆脱了花间派词人对妇女容貌与服饰的描绘，而转向人物内心感情的刻画。
参考资料：
1、刘永济．唐五代两宋词简析；微睇室说词：中华书局，2007.10：第32页
南乡子·细雨湿流光鉴赏
“细雨湿流光”，虽则五字，却道尽了初春的无限风光。细雨蒙蒙，洒落在春草叶上，留下滴滴水珠，微风吹过，泛起流光。“湿流光”意指主人公所度过的随春雨而流逝的岁月也是那样的冷涩恼人，正是“梧桐更兼细雨”“怎一个愁字了得”。“流光”一词还将冷凄扰人的静态烦闷与时光流逝的动态惧忧结合起来，冷寂独处的日子往往感觉太慢，本希望快点度过，可是女人出于青春容颜易老的心理却又希望时间慢慢流逝。而“流光”一词又给人快速流去的感觉，如此矛盾纠结的心理集于此短短五个字中。在表现爱情相思苦闷的同时，还渗透着一种人生苦短的生命忧患意识。“芳草年年与恨长”也是以具象表现抽象的妙句，将无形的离恨比托于年年生、年年长的芳草，可感可触，极形象地道出抒情主人公忍受长久离别的痛苦。
“烟锁凤楼无限事，茫茫”。一方面，它确切地描绘出了春天细雨绵绵之时。烟雾缭绕，茫茫一片的景象；另一方面，雾笼凤楼，人如同被困锁在无人知晓的地方，无限心事，茫茫无以倾诉。两相对照，景情交融，给读者的感染力就非常之深。
“鸾镜鸳衾两断肠”。鸾凤成双，鸳鸯成对，“鸾镜鸳衾两断肠”中的这个“两”字既有两两成偶之物与自身形单影只的对比，也包含着两对成双之物对自身孤独情怀的连续刺激，语意双关，极有意蕴。
“魂梦任悠扬，睡起杨花满绣床”。“魂梦任悠扬”，是对“烟锁凤楼”的反弹，禁锢在空闺中的少妇在梦中可以无拘无束，任情驰骋。可睡起所能看到的只是“杨花满绣床”。“杨花满绣床”与上句“魂梦任悠扬”相印相称，一虚一实，互文见义。从这两句所描述的情景看来，思妇魂牵梦萦的意中人杳不见踪影。洒脱之余，更显悲凉。
“薄悻不来门半掩，斜阳”。她半掩闺门，等待恋人的到来，可是从清晨等到红日西斜，还未见踪影，她忍不住骂了一声“薄情郎”。爱之深，方恨之切。她口头称为“薄悻”，内心深处爱的深切。
“负你残春泪几行”。当无望中的盼望最终落空时，她便簌簌的落下泪来。词人不说抒情主人公是为所思之人流泪，而说因辜负了三春的良辰美景而为春光洒泪。此为本词又一出新的写法，同时也是对抒情主人公心怀的一种委婉诗意的表达。
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谢朓《
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和王主簿季哲怨情诗》
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傅玄《
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吴楚歌》
冯延巳简介
唐代·冯延巳的简介
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冯延巳 （903--960）又名延嗣，字正中，五代广陵（今江苏省扬州市）人。在南唐做过宰相，生活过得很优裕、舒适。他的词多写闲情逸致辞，文人的气息很浓，对北宋初期的词人有比较大的影响。宋初《钓矶立谈》评其“学问渊博，文章颖发，辩说纵横”，其词集名《阳春集》。
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