南乡子·细雨湿流光
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五代]:冯延巳
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细雨湿流光,芳草年年与恨长。烟锁凤楼无限事,茫茫。鸾镜鸳衾两断肠。
魂梦任悠扬,睡起杨花满绣床。薄悻不来门半掩,斜阳。负你残春泪几行。
南乡子·细雨湿流光译文及注释
译文
细雨霏霏,浸湿了光阴,芳草萋萋,年复一年,与离恨一起生长。凤楼深深,多少情事如烟,封存在记忆之中。恍如隔世呦,望着饰有鸾鸟图案的铜镜,绣着鸳鸯的锦被,思念往事,寸断肝肠。
梦魂,信马由缰,千里飘荡,魂回梦觉,蓦然见杨花点点,飘满绣床。薄情负心的人呀,我半掩闺门,你却迟迟不来,夕阳西下,眼看辜负了三春的良辰美景,洒下清淡的泪珠几行。
注释
流光:流动,闪烁的光采。
凤楼:即凤台、秦楼,语本《列仙传》秦穆公之女弄玉所 居之楼,尝引来凤凰。此处指妆楼。
鸾镜:妆镜的美称。
薄悻:薄情郎。
参考资料:
1、徐培均 .婉约词萃 :华东师范大学出版社 ,2000年7月1日 :25-26 .
南乡子·细雨湿流光创作背景
这是首闺怨词,冯延巳用闺情以自抒己怨望之情,同时摆脱了花间派词人对妇女容貌与服饰的描绘,而转向人物内心感情的刻画。
参考资料:
1、刘永济.唐五代两宋词简析;微睇室说词:中华书局,2007.10:第32页
南乡子·细雨湿流光鉴赏
“细雨湿流光”,虽则五字,却道尽了初春的无限风光。细雨蒙蒙,洒落在春草叶上,留下滴滴水珠,微风吹过,泛起流光。“湿流光”意指主人公所度过的随春雨而流逝的岁月也是那样的冷涩恼人,正是“梧桐更兼细雨”“怎一个愁字了得”。“流光”一词还将冷凄扰人的静态烦闷与时光流逝的动态惧忧结合起来,冷寂独处的日子往往感觉太慢,本希望快点度过,可是女人出于青春容颜易老的心理却又希望时间慢慢流逝。而“流光”一词又给人快速流去的感觉,如此矛盾纠结的心理集于此短短五个字中。在表现爱情相思苦闷的同时,还渗透着一种人生苦短的生命忧患意识。“芳草年年与恨长”也是以具象表现抽象的妙句,将无形的离恨比托于年年生、年年长的芳草,可感可触,极形象地道出抒情主人公忍受长久离别的痛苦。
“烟锁凤楼无限事,茫茫”。一方面,它确切地描绘出了春天细雨绵绵之时。烟雾缭绕,茫茫一片的景象;另一方面,雾笼凤楼,人如同被困锁在无人知晓的地方,无限心事,茫茫无以倾诉。两相对照,景情交融,给读者的感染力就非常之深。
“鸾镜鸳衾两断肠”。鸾凤成双,鸳鸯成对,“鸾镜鸳衾两断肠”中的这个“两”字既有两两成偶之物与自身形单影只的对比,也包含着两对成双之物对自身孤独情怀的连续刺激,语意双关,极有意蕴。
“魂梦任悠扬,睡起杨花满绣床”。“魂梦任悠扬”,是对“烟锁凤楼”的反弹,禁锢在空闺中的少妇在梦中可以无拘无束,任情驰骋。可睡起所能看到的只是“杨花满绣床”。“杨花满绣床”与上句“魂梦任悠扬”相印相称,一虚一实,互文见义。从这两句所描述的情景看来,思妇魂牵梦萦的意中人杳不见踪影。洒脱之余,更显悲凉。
“薄悻不来门半掩,斜阳”。她半掩闺门,等待恋人的到来,可是从清晨等到红日西斜,还未见踪影,她忍不住骂了一声“薄情郎”。爱之深,方恨之切。她口头称为“薄悻”,内心深处爱的深切。
“负你残春泪几行”。当无望中的盼望最终落空时,她便簌簌的落下泪来。词人不说抒情主人公是为所思之人流泪,而说因辜负了三春的良辰美景而为春光洒泪。此为本词又一出新的写法,同时也是对抒情主人公心怀的一种委婉诗意的表达。
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谢朓《
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傅玄《
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吴楚歌》
冯延巳简介
唐代·冯延巳的简介
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冯延巳 (903--960)又名延嗣,字正中,五代广陵(今江苏省扬州市)人。在南唐做过宰相,生活过得很优裕、舒适。他的词多写闲情逸致辞,文人的气息很浓,对北宋初期的词人有比较大的影响。宋初《钓矶立谈》评其“学问渊博,文章颖发,辩说纵横”,其词集名《阳春集》。
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