九歌·湘夫人
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先秦]：屈原
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帝子降兮北渚，目眇眇兮愁予。
袅袅兮秋风，洞庭波兮木叶下。(袅袅一作：渺渺)
登白薠兮骋望，与佳期兮夕张。
鸟何萃兮苹中，罾何为兮木上。
沅有芷兮澧有兰，思公子兮未敢言。
荒忽兮远望，观流水兮潺湲。
麋何食兮庭中？蛟何为兮水裔？
朝驰余马兮江皋，夕济兮西澨。
闻佳人兮召予，将腾驾兮偕逝。
荪壁兮紫坛，播芳椒兮成堂；
桂栋兮兰橑，辛夷楣兮药房；
罔薜荔兮为帷，擗蕙櫋兮既张；
白玉兮为镇，疏石兰兮为芳；
芷葺兮荷屋，缭之兮杜衡。
合百草兮实庭，建芳馨兮庑门。
九嶷缤兮并迎，灵之来兮如云。
捐余袂兮江中，遗余褋兮澧浦。
搴汀洲兮杜若，将以遗兮远者；
时不可兮骤得，聊逍遥兮容与！
九歌·湘夫人译文及注释
译文
湘君降落在北洲之上，极目远眺啊使我惆怅。
树木轻摇啊秋风初凉，洞庭起波啊树叶落降。
踩着白薠啊纵目四望，与佳人相约啊在今天晚上。
鸟儿为什么聚集在水草之处？鱼网为什么挂结在树梢之上？
沅水芷草绿啊澧水兰花香，思念湘夫人啊却不敢明讲。
神思恍惚啊望着远方，只见江水啊缓缓流淌。
麋鹿为什么在庭院里觅食？蛟龙为什么在水边游荡？
清晨我打马在江畔奔驰，傍晚我渡到江水西旁。
我听说湘夫人啊在召唤着我，我将驾车啊与她同往。
我要把房屋啊建筑在水中央，还要把荷叶啊盖在屋顶上。
荪草装点墙壁啊紫贝铺砌庭坛。四壁撒满香椒啊用来装饰厅堂。
桂木作栋梁啊木兰为桁椽，辛夷装门楣啊白芷饰卧房。
编织薜荔啊做成帷幕，析开蕙草做的幔帐也已支张。
用白玉啊做成镇席，各处陈设石兰啊一片芳香。
在荷屋上覆盖芷草，用杜衡缠绕四方。
汇集各种花草啊布满庭院，建造芬芳馥郁的门廊。
九嶷山的众神都来欢迎湘夫人，他们簇簇拥拥的像云一样。
我把那衣袖抛到江中去，我把那单衣扔到澧水旁。
我在小洲上啊采摘着杜若，将用来馈赠给远方的姑娘。
美好的时光啊不可多得，我姑且悠闲自得地徘徊游逛。
注释
九歌：屈原十一篇作品的总称。“九”是泛指，非实数，《九歌》本是古乐章名。王逸《楚辞章句》认为：“昔楚国南郢之邑，沅湘之间，其俗信鬼而好祠。其祠必作歌乐鼓舞以乐诸神。屈原放逐，窜伏其域，杯忧苦毒，愁思沸郁，出见俗人祭祀之札，歌舞之乐，其辞鄙陋，因作《九歌》之曲，上陈事神之敬，下见已之冤结，托之以风谏。”也有人认为是屈原在民间祭歌的基础上加工而成。关于湘夫人和湘君为谁，多有争论。二人为湘水之神，则无疑。
帝子：指湘夫人。舜妃为帝尧之女，故称帝子。
眇眇（miǎo）：望而不见的徉子。愁予：使我忧愁。
袅袅（niǎo）：绵长不绝的样子。
波：生波。下：落。
薠（fán）：一种近水生的秋草。骋望：纵目而望。
佳：佳人，指湘夫人。期：期约。张：陈设。
萃：集。鸟本当集在木上，反说在水草中。
罾（zēng）：捕鱼的网。罾原当在水中，反说在木上，比喻所愿不得，失其应处之所。
沅：即沅水，在今湖南省。澧（lǐ）：即澧水，在今湖南省，流入洞庭湖。芷（zhǐ）：即白芷，一种香草。
公子：指湘夫人。古代贵族称公族，贵族子女不分性别，都可称“公子”。
荒忽：不分明的样子。
潺湲：水流的样子。
麋：兽名，似鹿。
水裔：水边。此名意谓蛟本当在深渊而在水边。比喻所处失常。
皋：水边高地。
澨（shì）：水边。
腾驾：驾着马车奔腾飞驰。偕逝：同往。
葺：编草盖房子。盖：指屋顶。
荪壁：用荪草饰壁。荪（sūn）：一种香草。紫：紫贝。坛：中庭。
椒：一种科香木。
栋：屋栋，屋脊柱。橑（lǎo）：屋椽（chuán）。
辛夷：木名，初春升花。楣：门上横梁。药：白芷。
罔：通“网”，作结解。薜荔；一种香草，缘木而生。帷：帷帐。
擗（pǐ）：掰开。蕙：一种香草。櫋（mián）：隔扇。
镇：镇压坐席之物。
疏：分疏，分陈。石兰：一种香草。
缭：缠绕。杜衡：一种香草。
合：合聚。百草：指众芳草。实：充实。
馨：能够远闻的香。庑（wǔ）：走廊。
九嶷（yí）：山名，传说中舜的葬地，在湘水南。这里指九嶷山神。缤：盛多的样子。
灵：神。如云：形容众多。
袂（mèi）：衣袖。
褋（dié）：《方言》：禅衣，江淮南楚之间谓之“褋”。禅衣即女子内衣，是湘夫人送给湘君的信物。这时古时女子爱情生活的习惯。
汀：水中或水边的平地。杜若：一种香草。
远者：指湘夫人。
骤得：数得，屡得。
逍遥：游玩。容与：悠闲的样子。
参考资料：
1、曹明纲 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：764-768
2、黄寿祺 梅桐生．楚辞全译．贵阳：贵州人民出版社，1984：37-40
3、肖复兴 梁士朋 ．中学生必背优秀诗文．太原：希望出版社，2009：8-11
九歌·湘夫人创作背景
楚国民间文艺，有着浓厚的宗教气氛，祭坛实际上就是“剧坛”或“文坛”。他们借神为对象，寄托人间纯朴真挚的爱情；同时也反映楚国人民与自然界的和谐。这样一来，神的形象不仅更为丰富生动，也更能与现实生活中的人在情感上靠近，富有人情味。
参考资料：
1、曹明纲 等．先秦诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1998：764-768
九歌·湘夫人鉴赏
一般认为，湘夫人是湘水女性之神，与湘水男性之神湘君是配偶神。湘水是楚国境内所独有的最大河流。湘君、湘夫人这对神祇反映了原始初民崇拜自然神灵的一种意识形态和“神人恋爱”的构想。楚国民间文艺，有着浓厚的宗教气氛，祭坛实际上就是“剧坛”或“文坛”。以《湘君》和《湘夫人》为例：人们在祭湘君时，以女性的歌者或祭者扮演角色迎接湘君；祭湘夫人时，以男性的歌者或祭者扮演角色迎接湘夫人，各致以爱慕之深情。他们借神为对象，寄托人间纯朴真挚的爱情；同时也反映楚国人民与自然界的和谐。因为纵灌南楚的湘水与楚国人民有着血肉相连的关系，她像慈爱的母亲，哺育着楚国世世代代的人民。人们对湘水寄予深切的爱，把湘水视为爱之河，幸福之河，进而把湘水的描写人格化。神的形象也和人一样演出悲欢离合的故事，人民意念中的神，也就具体地罩上了历史传说人物的影子。湘君和湘夫人就是以舜与二妃（娥皇、女英）的传说为原型的。这样一来，神的形象不仅更为丰富生动，也更能与现实生活中的人在情感上靠近，使人感到亲切可近，富有人情味。
诗题虽为《湘夫人》，但诗中的主人公却是湘君。这首诗的主题主要是描写相恋者生死契阔、会合无缘。作品始终以候人不来为线索，在怅惘中向对方表示深长的怨望，但彼此之间的爱情始终不渝则是一致的。
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张衡《
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四愁诗》
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司马相如《
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凤求凰》
屈原简介
唐代·屈原的简介
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屈原（约公元前340-前278），中国古代伟大的爱国诗人。汉族，出生于楚国丹阳，名平，字原。战国时期楚国贵族出身，任三闾大夫、左徒,兼管内政外交大事。公元前278年秦将白起一举攻破楚国首都郢都。忧国忧民的屈原在长沙附近汩罗江怀石自杀，端午节据说就是他的忌日。他写下许多不朽诗篇，成为中国古代浪漫主义诗歌的奠基者，在楚国民歌的基础上创造了新的诗歌体裁楚辞。他创造的“楚辞”文体在中国文学史上独树一帜，与《诗经》并称“风骚”二体，对后世诗歌创作产生积极影响。
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谁染关山战血红，三吴壮士引雕弓。荒林虎啸风声切，野戍乌啼夜色空。
未信吟诗能退虏，翻令生子学从戎。何当挽取天河水，净洗扶桑日月东。
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大名客舍
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元代：
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曹伯启
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辞乡弹指浃旬过，谩拟长松带女萝。僧室梦回愁思冗，侯门食罢强颜多。
世途千里心如折，茅屋双亲鬓已皤。富贵本来勤苦得，不须弹铗动高歌。
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和子山春日雨中书事见寄
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宋代：
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文同
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青春已破六十日，正好共携歌管游。
莺花有意欲恼乱，风雨何事相淹留。
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廿一日夜坐忆亡儿 其二
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明代：
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顾清
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视不成形举目存，青灯一盏近黄昏。彭殇竟是谁分出，妄使瞿昙欲断恩。
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杂兴
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宋代：
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陆游
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扁舟夜载石帆月，双屦晓穿天柱云。
八十老翁能办此，不须身将渡辽军。
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建炎己酉十二月五日避乱鸽湖山十绝句 其三
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宋代：
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王庭圭
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幡竿插入千岩底，鸟语飞来绝壁间。洞口行人迷处所，不知钟梵锁孱颜。