闺怨篇
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南北朝]:江总
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寂寂青楼大道边,纷纷白雪绮窗前。
池上鸳鸯不独自,帐中苏合还空然。
屏风有意障明月,灯火无情照独眠。
辽西水冻春应少,蓟北鸿来路几千!
愿君关山及早度,念妾桃李片时妍。
闺怨篇译文及注释
译文
大道边青色的楼房静静伫立,我独自倚在窗前看窗外白雪纷纷。
池塘里鸳鸯成双作对让人好生羡慕,空荡荡的闺房中,唯有那罗帐里面的苏合香,在默默地燃烧。
好心的屏风有意遮掩逗人愁思的月光,无情的灯火却使闺房通明,照出了相思人儿孤眠独宿的模样。
辽西边境早已是天寒水冻,那里的春光恐怕极少停驻吧;蓟北塞外,与江南相隔好几千里,即使托鸿雁传书,也很难送到啊!
只盼望夫君早早归家,须知我的青春短暂;正如秾桃艳李,只有片时的妍丽啊!
注释
青楼:指涂饰青漆的楼房。魏晋南北朝诗中常用来指女子所居,与后世指妓院不同。
苏合:即苏合香。
闺怨篇鉴赏
此诗前六句写闺妇冬夜空房独宿,因而触物伤心的苦景。“青楼”,指涂饰青漆的楼房。如曹植《美女篇》“青楼临大路,高门结重关。”本诗首句即从曹诗化出。富家楼阁,本该是宾朋络绎,且临大路,更当有车马喧闹;然冠以“寂寂”二字,则其室内室外一片清静无声、冷落寂寥之状可想而知。故首句不仅点出地点,而且入手扣题,为下文描写闺怨预示了环境气氛。次句既点明时令是冬季,在那雕画着花纹的窗子外面,但见白雪纷纷飘舞;又通过“纷纷白雪”,烘托出闺妇那凄凉的心境和纷乱的思绪。第三句承上仍写室外,少妇无聊地守着窗儿,孤寒之感已然袭上心头;当她望见池上鸳鸯双双偎依,雪寒之间犹有一丝亲热温暖,更是不免“人而不如鸟乎”之叹。故第四句一转,由室外转写室内,由鸳鸯双联想到自己孤独。你看她,情不自禁地回顾室内:空荡荡的闺房中,唯有那罗帐里面的苏合香,在默默地燃烧(“然”同燃),平添了几分房栊空寂的气氛。一个“空”字,生动传神,既渲染出环境的虚空,也暗示出人物心境的空寂。在这寂寞的重压之下,她反而感谢那道屏风解人情意,将那撩人愁思的窗外明月遮障,令自己不至于由于月圆人不圆而弥加哀怨。她的心情也扭曲了:明明是害怕黑暗孤寂,不敢熄灯,她却恨那盏青灯冷酷无情,惨淡的碧火直射着孤眠之人,愈增其形影相吊、茕独凄惶的苦楚。这二句用拟人的笔法,移情入景,将思妇的凄楚,写到极为委婉深曲。
“辽西”二句,忽又荡开一笔,将空间推移至几千里之外,设想边塞丈夫的情景。这位闺妇由眼前江南的“纷纷白雪”,自然联想到丈夫所处塞北的严寒:由长期的音沉信杳,自然想到路遥难通的缘故。她想:辽西边境早已是天寒水冻,冰天雪地,那里的春光恐怕极少停驻吧;蓟北塞外,离江南相隔好几千里,即使丈夫托鸿雁传书,但由于千山万水的阻隔,音书也很难送到啊!二句从对面着笔,设想对方的寂寞相思和雁书难寄,不仅表现出彼此的心心相印,而且把闺妇的痴情思念再度推进了一层。
结尾二句,写闺妇殷切地期望以及深沉的忧虑:她希望丈夫早日度过关山,回到自己身旁,以慰己心;她提醒丈夫应当时刻想到,妻子虽正处在青春妙龄之际,妻子虽正处于青春妙龄之际,然而韶华易逝,红颜易衰,正如桃李花开,只能保持短暂的鲜艳妍美一样,随着春归,它又将凋谢零落。因此,千万要珍惜青春,不要错过时光。二句又由边关收到眼前闺房,与前文关合呼应。运用了暗喻和夸张的手法,愈见得思妇忧愁之重与盼归之切。
此诗所写景物皆是闺妇眼中所见与心中所感,因而无不饱含闺妇强烈的感情色彩,成为其内心的物外表现,堪谓情景交融,形神兼备。通篇对仗工整而又自然。
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温庭筠《
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南歌子词二首》
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江总《
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闺怨篇》
江总简介
唐代·江总的简介
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江总(519~594)著名南朝陈大臣、文学家。字总持,祖籍济阳考城(今河南兰考)。出身高门,幼聪敏,有文才。年十八,为宣惠武陵王府法曹参军,迁尚书殿中郎。所作诗篇深受梁武帝赏识,官至太常卿。张缵、王筠、刘之遴,乃一时高才学士,皆对江总雅相推重,与之为忘年友。侯景之乱后,避难会稽,流寓岭南,至陈文帝天嘉四年(563)才被征召回建康,任中书侍郎。陈后主时,官至尚书令,故世称“江令”。任上“总当权宰,不持政务,但日与后主游宴后庭”,“由是国政日颓,纲纪不立”(《陈书·江总传》)。隋文帝开皇九年(589)灭陈,江总入隋为上开府,后放回江南,去世于江都(今江苏扬州)。
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