长沙驿前南楼感旧
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唐代]：柳宗元
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海鹤一为别，存亡三十秋。
今来数行泪，独上驿南楼。
长沙驿前南楼感旧译文及注释
译文
与品德高尚的你相别，如今已有三十个春秋。
今天我独自登临故地，形影孤单，物是人非，禁不住流下了悲伤的泪水。
注释
海鹤：比喻品德高尚的人。孙汝听注：“海鹤以喻德公。”
存亡：指己存彼亡，自己还活着而德公已经去世。
三十秋：三十年。贞元元年，柳宗元的父亲柳镇任鄂岳沔都团练判官，宗元随从在这一带活动，得以结识德公。至作此诗时，整整三十年。
长沙驿前南楼感旧创作背景
此诗是元和十年赴柳州途中经长沙时作。柳宗元十三岁时曾随其父到过长沙驿，并在驿前南楼与德公相见。三十年前诗人在童年时期曾在此得到长辈的关爱，而如今德公早已作古，人去楼空，不得复见。旧地重临，不禁感慨系之，潸然泪下。
参考资料：
1、谢汉强．柳宗元柳州诗文选读：西安地图出版社，1999.12：第4页
长沙驿前南楼感旧鉴赏
这是一首“感旧”之作。所感怀的对象为三十年前见到的“德公”，德公已如海鹤仙逝。当年一别，转眼三十载了，生死存亡真是无常啊！触发其感怀的媒介则是“长沙驿前南楼”。陈景云《柳集点勘》说：“长沙驿在潭州，此诗赴柳时作，年四十三。观诗中‘三十秋’语，则驿前之别甫十余龄耳。盖随父在鄂时亦尝渡湘而南。”据诗意，大约三十年前，宗元之父柳镇任鄂岳沔都团练判官，宗元随父曾在长沙驿前南楼与“德公”话别。“海鹤”自然是指德公，但称德公为“海鹤”，却自有其独特的蕴涵。其具体所指，今日虽已不可确知，却可从中领略到一种潇洒、自由、无拘无束、来去自如的意味，并由此给全诗增添一种空灵的诗化的情调。
通首抒情，蔼然仁者之言。无一字不质朴，无一语不出自肺庸。今昔之感，洋溢在字里行闻，字字句句扣紧感旧的题旨，一气贯注，自然浑成。“存亡三十秋”，蕴藏着无限的伤感。既有世路的艰险，更有人生的坎坷，既有昔日的情愫，又有今朝的思慕。“数行泪”是哭德清公，也是哭自己的功业未就，谤责飞腾。着一“独”字，而身世之寂寥。前路之渺茫，概可想见。诗人怀旧伤今，所以有诸多感慨。
其实还有一层无常感他没说出来：仕宦更是无常！一月奉命北归，二月到京，三月又贬柳州，人生太难预料了！怀旧伤今，诗人禁不住流下数行清泪。这首诗与前《过衡山见新花开却寄弟》诗相较而读，一喜一悲，炎凉相继，颇耐人寻味。
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致酒行》
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临江仙·绿暗汀洲三月暮》
柳宗元简介
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柳宗元（773年－819年），字子厚，唐代河东（今山西运城）人，杰出诗人、哲学家、儒学家乃至成就卓著的政治家，唐宋八大家之一。著名作品有《永州八记》等六百多篇文章，经后人辑为三十卷，名为《柳河东集》。因为他是河东人，人称柳河东，又因终于柳州刺史任上，又称柳柳州。柳宗元与韩愈同为中唐古文运动的领导人物，并称“韩柳”。在中国文化史上，其诗、文成就均极为杰出，可谓一时难分轩轾。
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