江城子·鵁鶄飞起郡城东
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唐代]：牛峤
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鵁鶄飞起郡城东。碧江空，半滩风。越王宫殿，蘋叶藕花中。帘卷水楼鱼浪起，千片雪，雨蒙蒙。
江城子·鵁鶄飞起郡城东译文及注释
译文
一群白鹭从郡城东边飞起，掠过江上碧蓝的天空，江边卷起半滩风。越王旧时的宫殿，如今只是一片荷花蘋草。水边的楼阁竹帘高卷，鱼儿在水面上嬉戏翻腾，搅起了千万重雪花，融化在嚎檬细雨中。
注释
鵁鶄（jiāo jīng）：水鸟名，鹭鸶的一种，头细身长，身披花纹，颈有白毛，头有红冠，能入水捕鱼，又名“鱼鵁”。郡城：此指古会稽（今浙江绍兴），春秋时为越国国都。
越王宫殿：越王勾践的宫殿。
蘋（píng）：水生蕨类植物，也叫田字草。藕花：荷花。
鱼浪：秋水鱼肥，逐浪出没。鱼，一作“渔”。
千片雪：言浪花如雪。片：一作“江”。
蒙蒙：迷茫还清貌。
参考资料：
1、彭定求．全唐诗（下）：上海古籍出版社，1986：2170
2、钱国莲 等．花间词全集：当代世界出版社，2002：87
3、房开江 崔黎民．花间集全译：贵州人民出版社，1990：264-265
4、陈如江．花间词：浙江教育出版社，2007：103
江城子·鵁鶄飞起郡城东鉴赏
此词的调名即是题目，写的是一个多彩多姿的江城的风物。从既是郡城，又曾有越国宫殿等情况来看，自然写的是古会稽。前三句“鵁鶄飞起郡城东，碧江空，半滩风”，写的是江城的外景：一江碧水从城东流过，江面空阔，沙滩阵阵风起，好一派秀美、旷远的江郊景色。“越王宫殿，蘋叶藕花中”是对此城历史的回顾与沉思。越王勾践是春秋时期赫赫有名的霸主之一，他就曾在这里建都，可如今已不见痕迹，往日的宫殿一直上已是一片片红藕翠蘋了，这就点明了此城的显赫历史，增加了一个描写层次，无异于在它的背景上涂了一层古老苍凉的底色，丰富了江城的形象。当然作者的怀古之情也是显而易见的，那就是说任何雄图霸业、奕奕生光，都经不起时间的销蚀而云飞烟灭。尾三句“帘卷水楼鱼浪起，千片雪，雨濛濛”，集中描写最富江城特色的景观：登上临江的水楼，卷起帏帘，凭窗一望时，只见鱼跃浪翻，激起千片飞雪，一江雨雾，迷迷蒙蒙，蔚为壮观。尤其是此番景色是透过水；楼窗口而摄入眼帘的，更如一幅逼真的画卷，美不胜收。
此词仅三十五字，却把一个江城的风物描写得如此形神兼备，笔力实在不凡。究其奥妙，大约有三端：一是注意多侧面、多角度的描写。它先从远观角度写江郊景色，次一历史眼光看湖塘风光，再用特写镜头写水楼观涛。如此不仅层次清晰，而且颇富立体感。二是注意色彩的调配和多样。斑斓的鵁鶄、碧绿的江水与白色的沙滩构成一种清新淡远的色调；翠绿的蘋叶与鲜红的荷花相配，又以秾丽的色泽耀人眼目；浪花之如雪和水雨之蒙蒙又构成一种朦胧混茫的气象。三是注意景物的动态描写，如鵁鶄的起飞，碧水的东流，半滩风吹，浪花飞舞等等，这种动态景象，无疑赋予江城以勃勃的生机和飞动的气韵。在秾艳的牛峤词中，此词可谓独具一格。
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牛峤，字松卿（约公元890年前后在世），一字延峰，陇西人。生卒年均不详，约唐昭宗大顺初前后在世。乾符五年（公元878年）进士及第。历官拾遗，补尚书郎，后人又称“牛给事”。以词著名，词格类温庭筠。原有歌诗集三卷，今存词三十三首，（见《花间集》）诗六首。
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